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Maximum Power Transfer

The document discusses how to determine the load resistance that results in maximum power transfer from a two-terminal circuit. It explains that this optimal load resistance is equal to the Thevenin resistance of the circuit, which can be determined by replacing the original circuit with its Thevenin equivalent. The example problem applies these concepts to calculate the Thevenin resistance of a given circuit and determine the load resistance that yields maximum power transfer.

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Salim San
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
65 views

Maximum Power Transfer

The document discusses how to determine the load resistance that results in maximum power transfer from a two-terminal circuit. It explains that this optimal load resistance is equal to the Thevenin resistance of the circuit, which can be determined by replacing the original circuit with its Thevenin equivalent. The example problem applies these concepts to calculate the Thevenin resistance of a given circuit and determine the load resistance that yields maximum power transfer.

Uploaded by

Salim San
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Maximum Power Transfer

Suppose that we have a two-terminal circuit and we


want to connect a load resistance RL such that the
maximum possible power is delivered to the load.

Max. Power transfer says that the load resistance that


absorbs the maximum power from a two-terminal
circuits is equal to Thevenin Resistance.
To analyze this problem, we replace the original
circuit by its Thevenin equivalent as shown.

Represents the
Thevenin equivalent
of an arbitrary
subcircuit that will
not change

𝑉𝑇ℎ
iL=
𝑅𝑇ℎ+𝑅𝐿
VTh
pL  i 2 RL ; i
RTh  RL
RLVTh2
 pL 
( RTh  RL ) 2
dpL
For max. power, 0
dRL
dpL VTh2 2 RLVTh2
 
dRL ( RTh  RL ) ( RTh  RL ) 2
2

VTh2 ( RTh  RL )  2 RLVTh2


 0
( RTh  RL ) 3

 VTh2 ( RTh  RL )  2 RLVTh2  0


 ( RTh  RL )  2 RL  RL  RTh
Example:

Find the value of R such that maximum power is


transferred to R, and find that maximum power.

For that we need to find Thevenin Equivalent


We need to find the open circuit voltage and the short
circuit current

a- find the open circuit


voltage

i1 mesh :  100  4(i1  i2 )  4i1  20  0


i2 mesh :  v x  8i2  4(i2  i1 )  0
constraint : v x  4i1
Solving : i1  15 A; i2  10 A; v x  60 V
 voc  4i2  4i1  20  120 V
b-Find the short circuit current:

i1 mesh :  100  4(i1  i2 )  4(i1  isc )  20  0


i2 mesh :  v x  4i2  4(i2  isc )  4(i2  i1 )  0
isc mesh :  20  4(isc  i1 )  4(isc  i2 )  0
constraint : v x  4(i1  isc )
Solving : i1  45 A; i2  30 A; isc  40 A; v x  20 V
voc 120
 RTh    3
isc 40
Finding the value of R such that maximum power is
transferred to R, and find that maximum power.

The Thevenin equivalent:

+
60[V]
-

602
pL   1200 W
3
Problem
The variable resistor Ro in the circuit is adjusted until it
absorbs maximum power from the circuit.

a) Find the value of Ro


b) Find the maximum power.
We need the Thevenin equiv
Finding the Voc
Remember we kill
any independent
sources
NVM Method
Problem
The variable resistor Ro in the circuit is adjusted until it
absorbs maximum power from the circuit.

a) Find the value of Ro


b) Find the maximum power.
Let’s find Rth from Voc/isc

For Voc, we need to remove Ro and mark


terminals as a and b
Find the Voc

=0

Since dependent variable iφ is gone, the dependent


voltage source =0
v1

180V v1

One node voltage (V1) needed

Voltage
division
+
Vth
-

KVL
Short circuit current isc

180

Supermesh
v=0-180= -180[V]

v1+v2

One more eqn for dependent var.


b) Find the maximum power delivered to the load.
Problem
Find the value for RX that will maximize the power absorbed by RX.
6.8[k]

7.5[k]

First we remove the


+
-

iX 13[k]iX
+
12[V]
5.6[k]
+
RX
4.7[k]
13[mA]
resistor Rx
-
-
25[V]

2.2[k] 7iX

4[mA]
All we have to do is to find Rth w.r.t. a-b, since we know
Rx= Rth will maximize the power delivered.

We will apply the test voltage method, in that


case, we need to kill all independent sources
7ix

KCL at B
ix = -0.04878 [mA]
ix+7ix+ -(1+13ix)/5.6+iT =0
Problem
For the circuit shown, the resistor RX is adjustable.
Find the value for RX that will maximize the power delivered by the
rest of the circuit, to RX.
If RX is removed, leaving an open circuit, find the power delivered by
the 25[V] voltage source in the circuit that remains.
iX

2.7[k] RX 8.2[k]

- 2.2[k] 2[mA]
7iX
+ 25[V]

4.7[k] 5[k]iX
+ 10[k]
+

35[V]
- -
Killing all independent sources
before applying 1 [A] source
If RX is removed, find the power delivered by the
25[V] voltage source
KCL at A
-ix-7ix+2[mA]=0  ix= 0.25 [mA]

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