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Chemical Process Industries: Charmaine Layson

The document discusses several chemical processes including glass making, cement production, paint manufacturing, plastic production, and soap making. It describes the typical raw materials and main steps involved in each process, such as mixing raw materials like silica sand and limestone for glass, and saponification, glycerine removal, and purification for soap making. The cement production process involves raw material preparation, clinker burning, and cement grinding and packing.

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Karl Caudal
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74 views

Chemical Process Industries: Charmaine Layson

The document discusses several chemical processes including glass making, cement production, paint manufacturing, plastic production, and soap making. It describes the typical raw materials and main steps involved in each process, such as mixing raw materials like silica sand and limestone for glass, and saponification, glycerine removal, and purification for soap making. The cement production process involves raw material preparation, clinker burning, and cement grinding and packing.

Uploaded by

Karl Caudal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHEMICAL PROCESS

INDUSTRIES
Charmaine Layson
GLASS CONTAINERS
Typical soda-lime glass-making materials

Raw material % by weight

Silica sand 68-73

Limestone 10-13

Soda ash 12-15

Alumina 1.5-2
Commercial glass manufacture
Glass is made in gas-fired melting or fusion furnaces
lined with high temperature refractory materials.

Glass furnace
cross-section
Blow and blow bottle manufacturing
Press and blow bottle manufacturing

The parison is pressed into


shape with a metal plunger
rather than by being blown
into shape.
Used for wide-mouthed
jars while blow-and-blow
process is used for narrow-
necked bottles.
CEMENT INDUSTRY
MANUFACTURING PROCESS
8 1. Raw Material Preparation
Quarry Crusher Preblending Station

Electrostatic Precipitator Raw


Material
Additive Bins
Hall

Gas
Raw Meal Conditioning
Silo Tower

Vertical
Raw Mill
Information, Education and Communication (IEC)
Plant History, Major Equipment & Process April 30,2013 | 8
MANUFACTURING PROCESS
9
2. Clinker Burning
Kiln feed
Extraction System Preheater

Electrostatic
Kiln Precipitator

Clinker Cooler
Silo

Information, Education and Communication (IEC)


Plant History, Major Equipment & Process April 30,2013 | 9
MANUFACTURING PROCESS
3. Cement Grinding and Packing
10
Separator
Feed bins
Dust Collector

Cement Silo
Horomill

Information, Education and Communication (IEC)


Plant History, Major Equipment & Process April 30,2013 | 10
PAINT INDUSTRY
Paint contains three main
classes of materials:

1.Resins
2.Pigments
3.Solvents
Process
Process
PLASTIC INDUSTRY
Resin Identification Code
 The SPI resin identification coding system’s
primary purpose of the codes is to allow efficient
separation of different polymer types
for recycling.
Raw Materials
 Resins
 Additives
 Fillers
 Stabilizers
 Plasticizers
 Colorants
 Blowing Agents
 Catalysts
 Anti-oxidants
 Fire-retardants
Synthesizing the Polymer
The first stage in manufacturing plastic is polymerization.
This may be carried out in various ways.
Film Extrusion
 Plastic film extrusion is one of the most important processes in
our industry. It accounts for around a quarter of all
thermoplastics consumed and the film extruded is almost
entirely for consumption in packaging. In its simplest form, the
process involves pushing molten polymer through a circular or
slot die.
 Casting Film
-uses oven

• Calendering
-uses gigantic rolling pins
Plastic granules

Product
Typical Materials Used:
Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS), Nylon (PA), Polycarbonate (PC), Polypropylene (PP) and
Polystyrene (GPPS)

Typical Products Produced:


Power-tool housing, Telephone handsets, Television Cabinets, Electrical Switches, DVDs, Automotive
bumpers, Automotive dash boards, Battery Casings, Syringes, Drug Inhalation Units, Disposable
razors, washing-up bowls, Wheelie bins, Crates/Recycling boxes and Bottle Lids/closures
SOAP INDUSTRY
Raw material for soap making
1. fats/oils or the triglycerides
2. alkali
a. NaOH - produces hard soaps
b. b. KOH - produces soft soaps, more soluble that
sodium soaps
3. additives
- Perfumes/scents, colorants, antibacterial,
moisturizers, etc
Basic steps in producing soaps
 Saponification
 Glycerine removal
 Soap purification
 Finishing
Step 1: Saponification
 A mixture of tallow (animal fat) and coconut oil is
mixed with sodium hydroxide and heated. The soap
produced is the salt of a long chain carboxylic acid.
Step 2: Glycerine removal
 glycerine is more valuable than soap, so most of it is
removed
 glycerine is a humectant, it is used as moisturizer
and softening agent in most commercial skin and
hair products
 the process of salting out is used to separate
glycerol from soap solution
 salting out – a process of removing glycerine from
the wet soap by concentrating the soap solution with
salt like sodium chloride.
Step 3: Soap purification and neutralization

 Any remaining sodium hydroxide is neutralized with


a weak acid such as citric acid. The soap solution is
then filtered and dried to remove around
approximately 2/3 of the remaining water.
Step 4: Finishing

 Additives such as preservatives, color and perfume


are added and mixed in with the soap and it is
shaped into bars for sale.

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