TRIPOLI UNIVERSITY

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
PETROLEUM ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY

PE510

Fall 2013
 ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY
PE 510
INTRODUCTION

DR. MOHAMED EL-HOUNI

Fall 2013
 TRIPOLI UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
PETROLEUM ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Class Schedule

 Saturday 14:00 – 15:30

 Thursday 14:00 – 15:30
 Course Outlines

Introduction

Reserves
Phase Behavior
Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) Processes
Currently Used EOR Processes
 Course Outlines

EOR methods used to improve

reservoir recovery efficiency, and
explain their differences For each
method, state whether it can improve
displacement, vertical or areal sweep
efficiency and explain how it works.
 Course Outlines cont….

screening criteria for enhanced oil

recovery methods.
 Course Outlines cont….

Understand Fractional flow theory and

Buckley- leverett 1-D displacement

Evaluate the effect of relative

permeabilities and fluid viscosities
in the fractional flow equation
 Course Outlines cont….

Estimate oil recoveries using Buckley-

Leverett, Styles & Dykstra-Parson
methods

Planning for water flooding.

 TRIPOLI UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
PETROLEUM ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

GRADE DISTRIBUTION

 Home Works 05%

 Quizzes 05%
 Test I 20%
 Test I 20%
 Final 50%
INTRODUCTION
Reserves

 Quantities of petroleum from known

accumulations available for production and
quantities which are anticipated to become
available within a practical time frame
through additional field development,
technological advances or exploration

Source
January 1996 issue of the SPE Journal of Petroleum Technology
and in the June 1996 issue of the WPC (World Petroleum Congresses) Newsletter.
 INTRODUCTION
Reserves
 The SPE formulates rules for estimating
reserves
 Reserves are volumes that will be produced
under current operating practices, prices,
taxes, costs, etc.
 Three categories of reserves: Proved,
Probable and Possible
 Proved is most important.
Proved Reserves

 Must be at least 90% likely to be produced

 Must be based on the actual production tests
or similar highly reliable information.
 May be reported to various agencies,
stockholders and the general public
 Are “estimated” and change with time.
Probable and Possible Reserves

 Rarely reported outside the company

 Useful to keep track of future opportunities.
 Measures of exploratory success
 Resources are not expected to be produced
unless some critical factor (usually economics)
changes in the future.
INTRODUCTION
Reserves
 Greatest Oil Reserves as of year 2006

300
264.3

250
Proved reserves
(billion barrels)

200 178.8

150 132.5
115
101.5 97.8
100 79.7
60
39.1 35.9
50 21.4 18.3 15.2 12.9 11.4 11.2 9 7.7 7 5.8
0

bi a da ran raq a it tes el a si a ya ri a te s i na tar ico ria l

zi tan ay ij an di a
ra ana I I
u w ira zu us Li b ig e ta Ch Qa ex l ge a
Br khs orw rba In
i A C K Em n e R N dS M A
u d
b e te za N ze
Sa a V ni Ka A
Ar U
d
i te
n
U

Source: Oil & Gas Journal, Vol. 103, No. 47 (Dec. 19, 2005). From: U.S. Energy Information
 Proved reserves
(trillion cu ft)

1,000
1,200
1,400
1,600
1,800

0
200
400
600
800
Ru
ss
ia
1,680

Ira
Un n
971
i te Sau Qat
d d a
Ar i A r 911
ab rab
E i
Un mi a
r

241
i te ate
d
St s
214
at
e
Ni s 193
ge
r
Al i a
g
185

Ve er
n e ia
zu
161

el
a
151

In Ira
do q
112

ne
No si a
98

rw
M ay
84

Tu al a
rk y
m s ia
en
75

Uz ist
b e an
71

Ka ki s
z a tan
66

Ne k hs
th tan
Greatest Gas Reserves as of year 2006

er
65

la
nd
s
62

Eg
y
Ca pt
59

na
d
Ku a
57

wa
it
56

Source: Oil & Gas Journal, Vol. 103, No. 47 (Dec. 19, 2005). From: U.S. Energy Information Administration.
Oil Recovery

Primary recovery, using only the natural

energy of reservoirs, typically recovers up to
50% of OOIP (average 19%).
Secondary recovery involves adding energy
to the natural system by injecting water to
maintain pressure and displace oil (also known
as waterflood). Typical recoveries are 25-45%
of OIP after primary recovery (average 32%).
Oil Recovery

 Tertiary recovery includes all other methods

used to increase the amount of oil recovered.
Typical recoveries are 5-20% of OIP after
primary and secondary recovery (average 13%)
Secondary and tertiary recovery are together
referred to as enhanced oil recovery (EOR).
19% + 26% =(100-19) x 32% + 7% =(100-45)x13% = 52%
Tertiary
secondary
Primary
Oil Recovery

Facts

 Petroleum reserves definitions are not static

and will be revised as additional geological
or engineering data become available or as
economic conditions change

 Reserves may be attributed to either natural

energy or IMPROVED RECOVERY
METODS
 Methods to Improve Recovery Efficiency

DISCOVERY

Conventional
Oil Recovery Natural Flow Artificial Lift

Methods to Improve
Recovery Efficiency

Enhanced Oil Recovery Production/Injection Control

Strategic Wellbore Placement

Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR)
Processes

Enhanced oil recovery (EOR)

processes include all methods that
use external sources of energy
and/or materials to recover oil that
can not be produced, economically
by conventional means.
Currently Used EOR
Processes
 Water flooding
 Thermal methods: steam stimulation, steam
flooding, hot water drive, and in-situ
combustion
 Chemical methods: polymer, surfactant,
caustic and micellar/polymer flooding.
 Miscible methods including: hydrocarbon gas,
CO2, nitrogen, flue gas
Phase Behavior

Any fluid can exist in vapour, liquid or solid

phase depending on the conditions at which
it is subjected. Solids, liquids and gases are
phases of matter, which do exist in different
states depending on the values of pressure
and temperature.
Phase Behavior

The Reservoir Hydrocarbon…Fluid Type:

 Non-Volatile Oil

 Volatile Oil

 Condensate Gas

 Wet Gas

 Dry Gas
Basic Phase Behavior
Phase Behavior
 Phase Diagram of a
Black Oil Reservoir
Initial Reservoir
Conditions

Path of Production
CP
Pressure

75% 50%
25%

Separator Conditions

Temperature
 Phase Diagram of a
Dry Gas Reservoir

Initial Reservoir
Conditions
CP
Pressure

Path of Production

Separator Conditions

Temperature