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Transmission Media

This document discusses different types of analog-to-analog modulation techniques including amplitude modulation, frequency modulation, and phase modulation. Amplitude modulation varies the amplitude of a carrier signal based on the modulating signal. Frequency modulation varies the frequency of the carrier signal based on the modulating signal. Phase modulation varies the phase of the carrier signal based on the modulating signal, which manifests as a frequency change. The document provides equations to calculate the bandwidth requirements for each modulation technique based on the bandwidth of the modulating signal.

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Pikesh Patel
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45 views12 pages

Transmission Media

This document discusses different types of analog-to-analog modulation techniques including amplitude modulation, frequency modulation, and phase modulation. Amplitude modulation varies the amplitude of a carrier signal based on the modulating signal. Frequency modulation varies the frequency of the carrier signal based on the modulating signal. Phase modulation varies the phase of the carrier signal based on the modulating signal, which manifests as a frequency change. The document provides equations to calculate the bandwidth requirements for each modulation technique based on the bandwidth of the modulating signal.

Uploaded by

Pikesh Patel
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Analog Transmission

5-2 ANALOG AND DIGITAL

Analog-to-analog conversion is the representation of


analog information by an analog signal. One may ask
why we need to modulate an analog signal; it is
already analog. Modulation is needed if the medium is
bandpass in nature or if only a bandpass channel is
available to us.
Topics discussed in this section:
 Amplitude Modulation
 Frequency Modulation
 Phase Modulation
Figure 5.15 Types of analog-to-analog modulation
Amplitude Modulation
 A carrier signal is modulated only in amplitude
value
 The modulating signal is the envelope of the
carrier
 The required bandwidth is 2B, where B is the
bandwidth of the modulating signal
Figure 5.16 Amplitude modulation
Note

The total bandwidth required for AM


can be determined
from the bandwidth of the audio
signal: BAM = 2B.
Frequency Modulation

 The modulating signal changes the freq. fc


of the carrier signal
 The bandwidth for FM is high
 It is approx. 10x the signal frequency
Note

The total bandwidth required for FM can


be determined from the bandwidth
of the audio signal: BFM = 2(1 + β)B.
Where  is usually 4.
Figure 5.18 Frequency modulation
Phase Modulation (PM)

 The modulating signal only changes the


phase of the carrier signal.
 The phase change manifests itself as a
frequency change but the instantaneous
frequency change is proportional to the
derivative of the amplitude.
 The bandwidth is higher than for AM.
Figure 5.20 Phase modulation
Note

The total bandwidth required for PM can


be determined from the bandwidth
and maximum amplitude of the
modulating signal:
BPM = 2(1 + β)B.
Where  = 2 most often.

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