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Nestle Nutrition

Obesity is defined as a BMI over 30 kg/m^2. It occurs due to an accumulation of excess fat tissue in the body. Obesity develops when fat cells increase in size and number. It is classified based on BMI and can be caused by genetic and environmental factors like lack of exercise and easy access to food. Obesity increases the risk of diseases like cardiovascular disease, diabetes, osteoarthritis, and certain cancers. Treatment involves lifestyle changes like low-calorie diets, increased physical activity and behavior changes. Pharmacological therapies may also be used such as appetite suppressants or drugs that inhibit fat absorption. Surgical options are considered for severe obesity when other treatments have failed.

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55 views11 pages

Nestle Nutrition

Obesity is defined as a BMI over 30 kg/m^2. It occurs due to an accumulation of excess fat tissue in the body. Obesity develops when fat cells increase in size and number. It is classified based on BMI and can be caused by genetic and environmental factors like lack of exercise and easy access to food. Obesity increases the risk of diseases like cardiovascular disease, diabetes, osteoarthritis, and certain cancers. Treatment involves lifestyle changes like low-calorie diets, increased physical activity and behavior changes. Pharmacological therapies may also be used such as appetite suppressants or drugs that inhibit fat absorption. Surgical options are considered for severe obesity when other treatments have failed.

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febby triofanny
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OBESITY FEBBY DEVIKA TRIOFANNY

30101700061
DEFINITION OF OBESITY
Obesity is defined as a body mass index (BMI) > 30 Kg/m²

Obesity is a multifactorial disease, which occurs due to accumulation of excess fat tissue, so it
can interfere with health. obesity occurs when the large and the number of fat cells increases
in a person's body. when a person gains weight then the size of fat cells will grow larger
and then the number increases.
OBESITY CLASSIFICATION
ETIOLOGY Abnormalities were found in
<1% of cases:
- cushing
Polimorfisme Genetic - hypothyroidism
occurs in 30-60% with diverse - polycystic ovary syndrome
weight - abnormalities of the
hypothalamus
- genetic disorders such as
Prader-Willi syndrome

Environment :
= lack of exercise
= easy to get food
= drink lots of alcohol
= drugs (tricyclic, haloperidol, steroids)
= lifestyle
OBESITY PATTERN
Stroke
Gangguan
pernapasan
Kardiovaskular

Jantung
Diabetes
Penyakit kantung Osteoarthritis
empedu
Kanker
Gangguan hormonal

Hyperuricaemia dan gout


MANAGEMENT OF OBESITY
Non-pharmacological therapy for disease :
1) Low calorie diet
2) Physical Activity
 increased physical activity is an important component of a weight loss program although
physical activity does not lead to more weight loss within six months. most weight loss occurs
due to decreased caloric intake. lifestyle-based physical activity tends to be more successful
in losing weight in the long run than structured exercise programs.
 For obese patients, therapy should be started slowly and the intensity should be increased
gradually. Exercise can be done entirely at one time or gradually throughout the day. Patients
can start by walking for 30 minutes with a period of 3 times a week and can be increased
intensity for 45 minutes with a period of 5 times a week. With this regimen, additional energy
expenditures of 100-200 calories per day can be achieved. Patients should be motivated to
improve daily activities.
3) Changes in behavior
 Specific strategies include self-monitoring of eating habits and physical activity, stress
management, stimulus control, problem solving, contingency management, cognitive
restructuring and social support.
MANAGEMENT OF OBESITY
Pharmacological therapy :
Drugs that suppress appetite such as phenylpropanolamine Hcl, fenfluramine Hcl, and amphetamine derivatives are
widely used patients. Although it should be noted that the cessation of this drug will cause a rebound effect of weight
gain, lethargy and depression.
- Sibutramine and orlistat
weight loss medications approved by the US FDA for long-term use. Sibutramine + low calorie diet and physical
activity is very effective for lowering the body. However, the administration of sibutramine may cause an increase in
blood pressure and heart rate. So this drug is forbidden for patients with hypertension, coronary heart disease,
congestive heart failure, arrhythmia or stroke.
Orlistat inhibits the arbsorption of fat by 30%. All patients should be monitored for side effects.
- Surgical Therapy
One of the elections to lose weight. This therapy is given only to patients with clinically severe obesity with BMI> 40
or> 35 with comorbid conditions. This surgical therapy should be performed as a last resort for patients who fail with
pharmacotherapy and suffer from extreme complications of obesity. Examples are gastrointestinal surgery (gastric
restriction [banding vertical gastric] or gastric bypass [Roux-en Y].
SOURCE
Sudoyo AW, Setiyohadi B, Alwi I, Simadibrata M, Setiati S. Buku Ajar Ilmu
Penyakit Dalam Jilid II edisi VI. Jakarta: Interna Publishing; 2014.
World Health Report. 2002. Reducing risks, promoting healthy life. World Health
Organization: Geneva, Switzerland, D.
 At a Glance Medicine
 190 Majalah Kedokteran Andalas No.2. Vol.36. Juli-Desember 2012
 Whitney E, Rolfes SR. 2011. Energy balance & body composition, in Understanding
Nutrition 12th ed. Int’l student ed. Thomson Learning Inc., USA, pp. 240 – 260.

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