KARAIKUDI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
BATCH NO: 04
GUIDED BY
ASSO.PROF. Mr.S.KARPAGAMOORTHY..,M.E,MISTE..,
SUBMITTED BY
E.ARUNPANDIAN (910811103301)
M.GANESHKUMAR (910811103306)
A.KARUPPAIAH (910811103315)
K.MEENAKSHI SUNDARAM (910811103321)
TITLE
DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF LIGHTHOUSE USING SLIPFORM
TECHNIQUE
LIGHTHOUSE
LIGHTHOUSE
A lighthouse is a structure from which light is projected at
night, or which serves as a marker by day, to guide ships
sailing in coastal waters.
Lighthouses are constructed at important points on a
coastline, at entrances to harbours and estuaries, on rocky
ledges or reefs, on islands, and even in the water. Lighthouses
help identify a ship’s location, warn ships of potential hazards,
and notify them that land is near. Lighthouses differ from
smaller beacons in that a lighthouse includes living quarters
for a lighthouse keeper
OBJECTIVE
OBJECTIVE
The major objective of this project work is
• To design a high stability tower(light house) in seashore areas.
• To construct a lighthouse for the area Jagathapattinam with
minimum Expenditure.
• To acquire knowledge about design of a tower and other
similar building.
BENEFITS OF LIGHTHOUSE
BENEFITS
• Lighthouses help small fishing communities.
• The light guides fishermen in and out of the waters.
• The project mainly constructed for reduce seaway
traffic.
• It is like a traffic sign on the sea
• a lighted beacon of major importance in Navigation.
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
• It has proposed to construct at a height of tower 50m
lighthouse At JAGATHAPATTINAM.
• The lighthouse tower is made of reinforced concrete and
slip-form Method of construction is proposed to be
adopted.
• The tower is cylindrical shape in outer side with diameter of
4.50 m and inside with diameter 3.8m.
• The wall thickness is 350 mm in the lower segment up to
30.00m height .
• From ground level, 250 mm in the next 20.00 m upper
segment.
INTRODUCTION
• A spiral staircase 1m wide is proposed inside the tower
cantilevering from the R.C. tubular wall.
LIGHTHOUSE DETAIL
• Foundation - Pile foundation
• Construction - RCC
• Tower shape - cylindrical in shape
• Height - 50.00 metres
• Intensity of lamp - 3000W Incandescent Lamp
• Range - 52 km
• characteristic - Two white flashes every 30
seconds
SLIP-FORM TECHNIQUE
SLIP FORM TECHNIQUE
• Slip form is that technology as vertical concrete
construction, whether it is for chimneys, silos, storage
tanks or lift cores.
• From foundation to roof top of even the very tallest
projects, with the system’s hydraulic jacks, installing steel
reinforcement and pouring concrete become much
easier and faster, plus can be more efficiently controlled
to assure the highest quality finished cement structure.
ADVANDAGES OF SLIP FORM
• SLIP FORM saves investment
• SLIP FORM saves time
• SLIP FORM saves labour
• SLIP FORM is safety
DESIGN
DESIGN
• DESIGN OF PILE FOUNDATION
• DESIGN OF TOWER
• DESIGN OF BEAM
• DESIGN OF BALCONIES
• DESIGN OF STAIR CASE
LOAD CALCULATIONS
• Self weight of R.C. Tower
• =25x[4X2.1X1.739-(x3.82x30)]+[4x2.10x1.739- (x4.52x20]
• = 3461.8kN
• Weight of stair case
=25kN/m3x[0.5x0.18x0.95x1.175x15xx198]
• =130kN
•
•
•
• Weight of landing
• =25x [1.175x60xx0.95x0.1x24]
• =70kN
• Weight of balcony
• = 25 x [(0.8 x 2.153 x 0.15) + (0.2 x 2.285 x 0.15) x 2]
• =16.35 kN
• Weight of roof of balcony
• = 25 x [(0.8 x 2.153 x 0.075)+(0.2 x2.285x 0.075)x 2]
= 8.17kN
• Weight of sloped roof at Verandah
• = 25 x[((1.822+3.894)/2x2.55x0.1)x8]
• = 73kN
• Weight of beams under sloping roof (all round)
• = 25x(27x0.3x0.3)
• = 60.75kN
• Self weight of columns 8nos provided at the ground floor
• =25x[(4x0.1234x0.15x2.67)x8]
• =35.09kN
• Weight of cantilever beams under top floor
• =25x[]
• = 111.3kN
LIVE LOAD
• Nominal live load of 2KN/m2 on balconies and steps
• = (1.175*15**0.95*198)+(0.8*2.153)+(0.2*2.258*20)*2
• =124.43kN
• Total gravity load
• =5784.37+124.43
• =5908.8kN
• Total gravity load calculation up to fixity level piles
• Additional load
• Weight of concrete columns
• =25*(0.3*0.3*0.4*8)
• =7.2kN
• Weight of tower portion
• =25*(4*1.739*2.3*0.8)
• =292kN
•
DESIGN OF PILE
PILE:
• Pile Depth - 20.00m
• Diameter of pile - 300mm
• No of pile - 6 Nos
PILE CAP:
• SIZE -9.5m x 9.5m x 1m
DESIGN OF PILE
• Self weight of the structure
• = 25 x (4 x 1.739 x2.1- x 3.8 x 3.8) x50
• = 3740 KN
• Weight of balconies, staircase, sloped roof at ground floor,
• Fitting at top, etc..,
• =900KN
• Weight of sand filling above pile cap
• =20 x{( x 9.2 x 1.8 ) - (8x0.3 x0.3 x0.4) -
(8x4x0.124x0.15x1.5)}
• =2370KN
• Weight of pile cap and piles up to 20mm depth
• =25 x {( x 9.5 x 9.5 x 1.0)+( x 0.6 x0.6 x 20x18)
• =4320KN
• Total weight of the structure at level of bottom fixity
• =11330KN
• Total live loads (nominal at 2KN/m ) 2
• =125KN
• Total gravity load
• =13.425KN
Design of pile cap
• Service load on each pile
• = []
• =636KN
• Design ultimate (or) Factored load (Pu)
• =1.5 x 636
• =955KN
• Depth of foundation =20m
• Materials -Fck =35N/mm2
• Fy=415N/mm2
• Dimension of pile
• Length of pile above ground level
• =1.5m
• Total length of pile
• = (20+1.5)
• = 21.5m
• Assume the c/s of piles as 600mm dia
•
• Longitudinal reinforcement
• The pile is designed as a compressive member with axial loads.
• Pu =0.4 fck Ag + (0.67 fy- 0.4 fck) Asc
• 955x10 3 =[(0.4 x 35) x( x 6002)]+[(0.67 x 415)-(0.4 x35)] x Asc
• Asc =10736 mm2
• For piles of length (L)
• = 30D
• =30 x 600
• =18000mm
DESIGN OF TOWER
• Width of concrete per ‘m’ height
• 250mm thick
• =25x (4x2.10x1.739- x (3.8)2x1
• = 81.67 kN
• 350mm thick:
• =25x (4x2.10x1.739- x(3.6)2x1
• = 110.72kN
• Temperature difference between inside and outside = 70ο
• Section at 20m from top.
• Thickness of shear =250mm
•
• 1% of step is provided cover 50mm is provided of steel reinforcement
• Ast = 1/100x (4x2.10x1.739- x(3.8)2)
• =32664 mm2
• Provide 160 bar of 16mm diameter
• Total vertical load W = 14.58x250
• = 119.75kN.m
• M =212.43x4.5
• =955.9m
• Eccentricity e =M/W
• e =
• =0.8m
• Check for section for stress:
• Equivalent area = (4*2.10*1.739 - *(3.8)2)+(7.59)*64339
• = 4.8x106mm2
• Equivalent thick of steel reinforcement ( ts )
• =
• =4.65mm
• Equivalent moment of inertia
• = * (D4-d4)+(m-1)* (π * )* ts *(
• = * (4.54-3.84)+(8.59-1)* (π * )* 4.65 *()2
• =2.555x1013 mm4
•
•
DESIGN OF TOWER BASE
• Total vertical load at base W = 5435 kN
• Total moment at the base M = 7.59 x 103 kN/m
• Let allowable bearing pressure = 15t/m2
• Self weight of footing 10% = 543 kN
• Total load on base = 5435 + 543
• =5976 kN
• Let, D metre be the dia of footing no tension to occur
• W/A –M/Z=0
• =
• D =12 m
• W =5976 Kn
• Q1 =
• = 76.08kN/m2
• M = [2 loge – ()2]- (q1)a2
• = [2 loge – ()2]- (65.7)x52
• =300kN/m
• M = [2 loge – () ]- (q1) (a2-b2)
2
• =5976 [2 loge – ()2]- (65.7)x(5-1.8)2
• =475 Kg/m
DESIGN OF STAIRCASE
• Rise =150mm
• Thread =300mm
• Width of step =1000mm
• Radius of the centre of wall =2.25*1000
• =2250mm
•
• Width of thread = [2250* 300* ]
• =1178 mm
• Span of stair = [2250*150* ]
• =5.89m
• Assume slab thick =150mm
• Load act on vertical slab
• Self weight of slab =1*0.15*25
• =3.75kN/m
• Self weight step = 0.5 * 0.18 *1 * 25
• = 2.25 kN
• Live load =3x1 =3kN/m
• Total load = 10kN
• Factor load =1.5*10
• =15kN
• By applying Bergman’s method
• Moment @cylinder MC =Wr2 (U-1)
• Moment @support MC =Wr2 (Ucosα-1)
• Torsional moment MC =Wr2 (U sin α-α)
•
• I =281.25*106
• G = *(1+0.1)
=13495.64N/mm2
• E =5000*35
• =175*106
• =175N/mm2
• G =175 *103 * (1+0.1)
• =962KN
• =96.25*106N/mm2
• C =0.5βb3d
•
• β =
• =0.3018
• C =0.5*0.3018*1503*1000
• =509287500mm2
•
• K =1.004
DESIGN OF STAIR SLAB
• Support moment =-75.94kN/m
• Width of slab =1000mm
• Depth =150mm
• Effective depth =130mm
• =
• =4.49 say 5
• Pt =0.5%
• Ast required @ top =0.5*1000*
• =650mm2
• Provide 6nos @12mm ϕ bar @ top
DESIGN OF BEAM
• Dimensions =400x500mm
• Loading on beam =18.34*
• =60.62kN/m
• Self weight =25*0.4*0.5
• =5kN/m
• Total load =65.62 kN/m
• Moment @ support =65.62*
• =29.611kN/m
• Torsion moment support =20.71
•
•
• Equivalent moment =T
• =20.71
• =47kN/m
• Torsional moment =30(or)47kN/m
• Stirrups
• Vertical shear =66*1.5
• =99kN
• Shear due to torsion = 1.6*(75)
• =83kN
• Total shear =99+83
• =182kN
WIND LOAD CALCULATIONS
• VZ = Vb.K1.K2.K3
• Where,
• Base wind speed(Vb) = 50m/s
• probability factor (K1) = 1.08
• Terrain height & Structural size(K2) = 1.03 to 1.18
• Topography factor(K3) = 1.03
•
• VZ = 50 * 1.08 * 1.05 * 1.03
• VZ = 58 m/s
•
• Design wind pressure p(z) = 0.6 cf ( vz )
• Where,
• Cf – force
• Reynolds no – 2 to 5x107
• Co-Efficient Cf = = 0.82 (IS-875 PART-3)
• Cf = 1.2 (Approximate value)
•
SEISMIC LOAD CALCULATIONS
• Area of cross section = [( * D2) – (* d2) ]
• = [( * 4.52) - ( * 3.82)]
• = 4.56mm2
•
• Moment of inertia = [( * D2) – ( * d2) ]
• = [( * 4.52) - ( * 3.82)]
• =18.98mm4
•
• Radious of gyration = (0.2376 * (4.52)+(0.5)*(3.82))
=12.03
• L/R Ratio =
• =4.15 say 5
•
•
DESIGN OF TOWER
Wall Thickness (Lower) - 350mm
(Upper)- 250mm
DESIGN OF BALCONIES
Thickness of slab - 150mm
DESIGN OF STAIRCASE
Type of staircase - SPIRAL STAIRCASE
Wide - 1m
ABSTRACT ESTIMATE
The total construction cost the lighthouse is Rs.2,60,000,00
STAAD PRO ANALYSIS
• Software used -Staad pro
• Analysis of wind load
• Analysis of seismic
Wind diagram
STRESS DIAGRAM
Stress diagram
DRAWINGS
PLAN
SECTION
ELEVATION
REFERENCES
• IS-456:2000-Plain&Reinforced concrete
• IS-456:1978-Design Aids for R.C
• IS-1893(PART-1):2002-Seismic loads
• IS-875:1987-Part3 wind loads
• Estimate-Dutta B.N(Estimating and costing in
civil engineering)
• Design of Reinforced concrete structures-krishnaraju
• IS2911-(PART1/SEC1) – 1979- Code of practice for design and
construction pile foundations.
THANK YOU
