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Elsadig Agabna Elhadi

The document discusses various aspects of research including defining research as a systematic process of investigating questions to gain new knowledge, the purposes and characteristics of research, different types of research based on the nature of information and subject matter, important components of research design like minimizing bias and error, and identifying and evaluating feasible research problems.

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63 views

Elsadig Agabna Elhadi

The document discusses various aspects of research including defining research as a systematic process of investigating questions to gain new knowledge, the purposes and characteristics of research, different types of research based on the nature of information and subject matter, important components of research design like minimizing bias and error, and identifying and evaluating feasible research problems.

Uploaded by

Ronza
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lecture 4

Elsadig Agabna Elhadi


Research
• Meaning of Research:
• Word ‘Research’ is comprises of two words = Re+Search. It
means to search again. So research means a systematic
investigation or activity to gain new knowledge of the
already existing facts.
• Spyridakis (1992) provides a useful definition of research:
• Research is a systematic approach to provide answers to
• questions, answers that may be abstract and general, as
• is often the case in basic research, or concrete and
• specific, as is often the case in applied research. (p. 607)
Benefit from Research
• Generate knew knowledge
• Correct the present mistakes
• Add new knowledge to the existing knowledge
• Short definition of research
• “Research is a systematic effort to gain new
knowledge

•
Purpose of Research:

• Discover answers to questions through the


application of scientific procedure.
• The main aim of research is to find out the
truth which is hidden and which has not been
discovered as yet.
Characteristics of Research:
• Research is done for solving problems
• It requires fund and expertise
• It based on observation and empirical
evidence with accurate observation and
description.
• Research is characterized by patient and
unhurried activity and sometimes need
courage.
Types of research
• (A) On the basis of nature of information:
• On the basis of nature of information
• (i) Qualitative Research: When information is
in the form of qualitative data.
• (ii) Quantitative Research: When information
is in the form of quantitative data.
B) On the basis of utility of content or
nature of subject matter of research:

• (i) Basic/ Fundamental /pure or Theoretical


Research: Its utility is universal.
• (ii) Experimental or Applied Research: Its
utility is limited.
Research design
• A research design is simply the framework or
plan for a study that is used as a guide in
collecting and analyzing the data.
• Definitions:
• “Research design is a master plan specifying
the methods and procedures for collection
and analyzing the needed information.”
Purpose of a Research Design:
• (i) To minimize the expenditure:
• maximum information with minimum
spending of effort, money and time by
preparing the advance plan of all about the
research.
• (iii) To collect the relevant data and
technique:
Characteristics of Good Research
Design:
• minimizes bias and maximizes the reliability of
the data collected and analyzed.
• gives the smallest experimental error
• give maximum information and provides an
opportunity for considering different aspects
of a problem
• (i) Objectivity:
• It refers to the findings related to the method
of data collection and scoring of the responses.
• (ii) Reliability:
• It refers to consistency throughout a series of
measurements
• (iii) Validity:
• Any measuring device or instrument is said to
be valid when it measures what it is expected
to measure.
Definitions of the Problem:

• The obstacles which hinder our path are regarded as


problem.
• “Problem is the obstacle in the path of satisfying our
needs.”
• “Problem is a question which is to be solved.”
• “To define a problem means to put a fence around it,
to separate it by careful distinctions from like questions
found in related situations of need.”
• “A problem is a question proposed for a solution
generally speaking a problem exists when there is a no
available answer to same question.”
Identification of a Research Problem:
• Determining the field of research in which a
researcher is keen to do the research work.
• The researcher should be on the field of his
specialization.
• He should review the research conducted in area
to know the recent trend and studies are being
conducted in the area.
• On the basis of review, he should consider the
priority field of the study.
• . He may take help of supervisor or expert of the
field.
The Sources of the Problem:

• (i) The classroom, school, home, community and other


agencies of education are obvious sources.
• (ii) Social developments and technological changes are
constantly bringing forth new problems and opportunities
for research.
• (iii) Record of previous research.
• (iv) Text book assignments, special assignments, reports
and term papers will suggest additional areas of needed
research.
• Questioning attitude:
• (vii) The most practical source of problem is to consult
supervisor, experts of the field and most experienced
persons of the field.
Evaluation of the Problem
• Following questions must be answered
affirmatively before the study is under Taken:
• 1. Is the Problem Researchable?
• 2. Is the Problem New?
• Is the Problem Significant?
• 4. Is the Problem Feasible for the Particular
Researcher
Feasibility of a problem
• In order to be feasible, a problem should
agree with the following:
• a) Research competencies of the Researcher
• b) Interest and enthusiasm of the Researcher
• c) Financial consideration in the Project
• d) Time requirement for the Project
• e) Administrative considerations in the
Project.

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