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Deviance: - Honesty and Politeness - What Is "Speeding" in 70mph? Deserve A Ticket?

Regulations and laws need to keep up with advancing technologies to protect privacy and personal information in the digital age. Education is also important to help people understand best practices for online safety and security. Overall, societies must find an appropriate balance between openness, innovation and reasonable restrictions to prevent harm.

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Sunshine Garson
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296 views13 pages

Deviance: - Honesty and Politeness - What Is "Speeding" in 70mph? Deserve A Ticket?

Regulations and laws need to keep up with advancing technologies to protect privacy and personal information in the digital age. Education is also important to help people understand best practices for online safety and security. Overall, societies must find an appropriate balance between openness, innovation and reasonable restrictions to prevent harm.

Uploaded by

Sunshine Garson
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Deviance

• Range of Tolerance
– A scope of behaviors considered acceptable and defined as conformity
– Examples
• Honesty and politeness
– Bad haircut
• What is “speeding” in 70mph? Deserve a ticket?
– 71? Probably not
– 75? Maybe
– 80? Good chance
– 100? FOR SURE!
Types of Deviance
• Overconformity “positive • Underconformity “negative
deviance” deviance”
– Involves behavior that – Involves behavior that under-
overconforms to social conforms to social expectations
expectations people either reject, misinterpret,
• Leads to imbalance and or are unaware of the norms
perfectionism – Examples:
• Can be AS harmful as • Obesity
negative deviance • Unmotivated Students
– Examples – Lack of participation
• Anorexia – Sleep in class
• Body Builder – Unexcused absences
• “Perfect” Students – Fail tests and papers
– Knows answer to
EVERY question
– 100% A+ on all tests
and papers
– Perfect attendance
Deviance depends on…
– Time
• Fashion and grooming change
with time, like the Founding Fathers Fashion
– Place
• Where behavior occurs determines whether it is appropriate or deviant
– Cheering/booing at Football game vs. in class
– Situation
• Takes precedence over place in determining appropriateness of actions
– Laughing in class vs. laughing in class during a moment of
silence
– Culture
• Most influential in defining deviance
– Men greeting each other
» US: Hand shake
» Japan: Bow
» Europe: Kiss on cheek
Symbolic Interactionist Approach to
Deviance
• Primary Deviance
– Deviance involving occasional breaking of norms that are
NOT a part of a person’s lifestyle or self-concept
• Example: Honor roll student comes home past curfew one night

• Secondary Deviance
– Deviance in which an individual’s life and identity are
organized around breaking society’s norms
• Example: The “robbers” in Ocean’s 11 had a criminal history
because they had broken the law on multiple occasions.
Structural Functionalist Approach to Deviance
• Strain Theories: Deviance is more likely to occur when a gap exists
between cultural goals and the ability to achieve these goals by legitimate
means

• Innovation: Individual accepts goal of success but uses illegal means to


achieve it
– Ex: Drug Dealers

• Ritualism: Individual rejects goal of success but continues to “go through the
motions” without believing in the process
– Ex. Teacher who doesn’t care about engaging students, but still comes to work

• Retreatism: Individual rejects both legitimate means and approved goals


(Given up on life)
– Ex. Bag lady

• Rebellion: Individual rejects both success and the approved means for
achieving it; substitutes their own goal and means to achieve it
– Ex. Militia Member
Social Learning Theories
Control Theory
• all behavior (including deviance) is learned
through social interaction • Compliance with social norms
requires strong bonds between
– Differential Association: individuals learn
individuals and society
deviance in proportion to the number of
deviant acts they are exposed to • Social Bond Theory
• Primary relationships with parents, – Some people do not commit
siblings, and close friends have the deviance because they have
greatest impact on our behavior. developed a strong social bond,
– “birds of a feather flock consisting of an attachment to
together” parents, school, church, etc.
• Stronger the social bond, less
– Differential Reinforcement: depending on likely to be involved in
whom an individual associates with, norm- deviant activities
violating behavior may be either • Weaker the social bond,
positively rewarded or negatively easier it is for an individual
sanctioned to break violate social norms
• Ex. How friends react when they find
out you shoplifted will help determine
whether you will repeat the action
All crime is deviance…but all
deviance is NOT a crime.
• Crime: any act that violates a criminal law

– Violent offenses: crimes against people


• Ex. Homicide, aggravated assault, forcible rape, robbery

– Nonviolent offenses: crimes against property


• Ex. Burglary, larcenry-theft, auto theft, and arson

– White Collar Crime- crime committed by high- status people in their


occupations. This crime costs the U.S. 18 times the cost of street crime. These
criminals get treated more leniently than other criminals.
• Ex. Embezzlement, fraud, insider trading, copyright violations, tax evasion,
and antitrust law violations

– Public Order “Victimless” Crimes


• Ex. Prostitution, illegal gambling, illegal drug use
Correctional Systems

• Deterrence: Discouraging criminal acts by threatening punishment


– Capital Punishment

• Rehabilitation: Process of changing or reforming a criminal through


resocialization
– Ex. Providing social and work skills to reform criminals

• Retribution: Punishment intended to make criminals pay compensation for


their acts
– Ex. Incarceration: Method of protecting society from criminals by
keeping them in prison

• Recidivism: Repeated offenses by those who have already been convicted


of crimes
Other Options for Reforming
Individuals
• Short Prison time + Probation- to shock violators
into realizing prison realities and getting a
“chance”
• Community programs- take violators out of
prison and into the community to readjust them
to life outside
• Referral to community centers- keeping violators
out of prison so that they don’t learn prison
norms
WHO SHOULD PAY FOR THE
REHABILITATION OF THESE CRIMINALS
• Holding criminals in prison, rehabilitation centers, and other forms of
probation cost money
– Food
– Patrolmen
– Electricity, cable
– Facilities
– Education materials
– Medical Expenses
– Therapists, educators, psychiatrists

• Is it the criminals’ fault that they acted deviantly, or is there


something wrong with society that these criminals cannot get by
without committing crimes?
• What else could be done with these criminals?
Conflict Approach to Deviance
• Conflict Theory of Deviance: • Power and Deviance
view deviance as arising when
– Distributed on basis of age,
groups with power attempt to
race, sex, religion, and politics,
impose their norms and values on
and social class
less powerful groups
– Power plays a role in creating
and enforcing rules of society
– Prevent behavior that those in
• Who and what are deviant?
control see as threatening to
their interests
• Example – Example
– Lack of respect for • Administrators>Teachers
authority • Teachers>Students
– Destruction of property
What new crimes exist with new
technologies available?

• Credit card fraud


• Web cam violations of privacy
• Identity Theft

• What can be done to reduce these tech


crimes?

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