Security Level:

OWG000016 WCDMA-CS
basic conception, principle
and basic call flow
introduction
ISSUE 2.0
www.huawei.com

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential

 Upon completion this course, you will be able to :
 Master the basic conception of signaling and
trunk network
 Master the protocol function listed in the slide
 Master the conception of mobility
communication
 Master the basic call flow

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 Chapter 1 basic conception of signaling network

Chapter 2 basic conception of trunk network

Chapter 3 SS7 basic protocol introduction

Chapter 4 mobility communication basic

conception introduction

Chapter 5 basic call flow introduction

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 Chapter 1 basic conception of signaling network

1.1 What’s signaling

1.2 signaling network

1.3 basic conception of signaling network

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What’s signaling

 Signaling is the control signal transferred between

communication devices( include user termination,
switch devices, etc).

 In the communication network, except the signal

used to transfer services information, there is
information transferred in the network , and such
information is not for voice, images or characters
about services, but the control signal between
communication devices, such as occupancy,
release, the busy or free state of devices, the
called number, etc. that all are control signals

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Signaling classification-by signaling transfer mode

 CAS (Channel Associated Signaling ):

Channel Associated Signaling is in-band signaling in
which user call data and signaling are combined.

 CCS (Common Channel Signaling ):

Common Channel Signaling is a signaling
system used in telephone networks that
separates signaling information from user
data. Usually TS16 (Timeslot 16) on a E1
interface and TS1 (Timeslot 1) on a T1
interface, are exclusively designated to carry
signaling relating to other traffic channels.

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Channel Associated Signaling

Switch A trunk Switch B

Switch network Switch network

Common control Signaling device Signaling device Common control

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Common Channel Signaling

Switch A trunk Switch B

Switch network Switch network

Data link
Common control Signaling device Signaling device Common control

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 Chapter 1 basic conception of signaling network

1.1 What’s signaling

1.2 signaling network

1.3 basic conception of signaling network

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Signaling network

 No.7 signaling network is a specific network which is used to transfer the No.7
signaling
It is composed of SP, STP and signaling link
 Signaling network is a independent network form telephone network, in china the
No7 signaling network has 3 layers
HSTP
LSTP
SP
 Between two SP (SP or STP) there is a signaling link

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 Chapter 1 basic conception of signaling network

1.1 What’s signaling

1.2 signaling network

1.3 basic conception of signaling network

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 SP and STP
 SP: SP is a node of signaling network to send or
receive the signaling message, and is an
initiation or destination of the signaling message
OPC: is a signaling point that generate the
signaling message
DPC: is a signaling destination

STP  STP: if some signaling point is neither OPC nor

DPC, it’s function is only to transfer the signaling
STP message from one signaling link to another
signaling link, this SP is STP

SP SP
OPC DPC

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Signaling link and signaling link set
 Signaling link:
signaling link is between 2 signaling points, and there are at most 16
signaling links between 2 signaling points which are connected to
each other directly; If there more than 16 signaling links between 2
directly connected signaling points, the local or the peer end should
add new signaling point

 Signaling link set:

Signaling link set is a group of signaling links which have same
property, and these signaling links are between 2 adjacent signaling
points
Link set

Link 0

SPa Link 1 SPb

Link n

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(SLC) Signaling link code and link number

 SLC is the number of signaling link, SLC is unique between 2

adjacent signaling point, SLC has 4 bits, so SLC is from 0-15

 Link number is a number to distinguish the link in local office, it

is unique in local office

Link set

SPc SPa SPb

slc2 slc0
Link 2 Link 0 Link 0 Link 2
Link 3 slc1 slc1 Link 3
Link 1 Link 1
slc0 slc2
Link n Link n Link n Link n

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Direct connection and similar direct connection

Direct connection

Similar direct connection

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Signaling route

 Signaling route is a logical conception which is used to indicate a

path the signaling message go through from OPC to DPC

SPB’
Link set A－B’

Link set A－B

SPA SPB SPC

Link set A－B

Signaling RTA－C（1）

Link set A－B’

Signaling RT A－C（2）

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential Page 16

Questions

 What is CAS, CCS, and No.7 is owned to which type ?

 What is the difference of signaling link number and SLC, how many
signaling links can be configured between 2 signaling points, why?

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 Chapter 1 basic conception of signaling network

Chapter 2 basic conception of trunk network

Chapter 3 SS7 basic protocol introduction

Chapter 4 mobility communication basic

conception introduction

Chapter 5 basic call flow introduction

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Trunk network
A province B province

TMSC1 TMSC1

TMSC2 TMSC2 TMSC2 TMSC2

VMSC VMSC VMSC VMSC VMSC VMSC VMSC VMSC

A area B area A area B area

trunk

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Office direction
 There is a office direction if there is direct trunk connection between 2 switch
 Attention: G9 has office direction to the direct connected office, but just
MSOFTX3000 has office direction, UMG8900 has no office direction

SCP HLR GMSC

SMC MSC 1 MSC2

3 2

BSC RNC
TMSC2-A
VMSC-A VMSC-B
TMSC2-B

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SRT and RT
 SRT
If there is a direct voice channel between two offices, it is taken that there
is a sub-route between them

 RT
For an office direction, the set of all sub-routes to it is called a route, One
route may contain multiple sub-routes, and different routes may contain the
same sub-routes

SRT 1
A B
SRT 2

C
SRT 3

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Trunk circuit and trunk group

 Trunk circuit:
The trunk circuit is the component constituting a trunk group, and one
trunk circuit corresponds to one timeslot in E1 line

 Trunk group
 The trunk group is the component building a sub-route, and it is a set
of trunk circuits with the same properties. It can be composed of one or
multiple PCM systems.
The trunk circuits to the same office direction are grouped into one trunk
group
The SS7 trunk group is generally bi-directional, and used to carry
outgoing or incoming traffic.

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CIC (Circuit Identification Code)
 The CIC is used to identify a circuit between two SPs. CIC fields only exist
in the TUP and ISUP messages of circuit switched services. Because a CIC
field is 12 bits long, there can be 4096 circuits between two SPs in
maximum

7 bits 5 bits CIC

PCM system number PCM timeslot number
CIC E1#1 E1#0 CIC
0000001 00000 TS0 TS0 0000000 00000
0000001 00001 TS1 TS1 0000000 00001

0000001 11111 TS31 TS31 0000000 11111

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential Page 23

CIC number principle
SP office direction 2
office direction 1
CIC=0,
CIC=0,
CIC=1,
CIC=1,

.. CIC=m2 ..
.
CIC=m1
.
SLC=0,
SLC=0, SLC=1,

.. SLC=1,
SLC=n2 ..
. SLC=n1 .

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential Page 24

Questions

 What’s office direction, if MSOFTX3000/UMG8900 has the conception of office direction ?

 What’s the difference and relationship between RT and SRT ?
 In which range CIC is unique, and how many CIC can be configured between 2 signaling
points ?

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential Page 25

 Chapter 1 basic conception of signaling network

Chapter 2 basic conception of trunk network

Chapter 3 SS7 basic protocol introduction

Chapter 4 mobility communication basic

conception introduction

Chapter 5 basic call flow introduction

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential Page 26

Corresponding Relations of SS7 with OSI Seven-layer
Architecture
HLR VLR
OSI 7 layer model

INAP OMAP MAP ISUP TUP Application Layer

TCAP Presentation layer

Session Layer
SCCP
Transfer Layer

MT Signaling network layer

MTP(3
P (Network layer)
)
Message MTP(2 Signaling Link Layer
Transfer Part ) ( Data Link Layer)
MTP(1 Signaling data link layer (
) physical Layer)

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential Page 27

 MTP1、2、3 protocol

 MTP3 implement the functions of the network layer of the OSI

Signaling network functions (MTP-3) reference model, and is used to enable management message
transmission between the signaling points for the purpose of
ensuring a reliable transfer of the signaling messages over the
signaling network in case that signaling links and signaling
transfer points fail 。
 It is used to transfer signaling to a data link. The level 2 functions
Signaling link functions (MTP-2)
together with a level 1 signaling data link provide a signaling link
for reliable signaling transfer between two directly associated
signaling points; MTP2 can provide signal unit delimitation, signal
unit alignment, error detection, error correction, initial alignment,
processor outage, level 2 flow control and signaling link error
monitoring

 It is equivalent to the physical layer of the OSI reference model

Signaling data link (MTP-1) and is used to generate and receive the signals through the
physical channels. It defines the physical, electrical and functional
characteristics of a signaling data link and the means to access it.

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ISUP and TUP

 ISUP (ISDN User Part ):

It defines the signaling messages, functions and procedures

required to control voice and non-voice services (for example,
circuit switched data communication). The ISUP not only can
implement the functions of the Telephone User Part (TUP) and the
Data User Part (DUP), but also achieve the ISDN services on a
wide basis, thus having a spacious application scope

 TUP (Telephone User Part )

 The TUP function is similar to ISUP, but can not support data type
applications

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SCCP protocol

 SCCP protocol (Signaling Connection Control Part ):

SCCP is one of the user parts in the hierarchical architecture of the
Signaling System No. 7, and resident at the functional level 4.
The SCCP provides additional functions to the Message Transfer Part
(MTP) to cater for both connectionless as well as connection-oriented
network services to transfer circuit related and non-circuit related signaling
information and other types of information between exchanges and
specialized centers in telecommunication networks through a SS7 network

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MAP protocol

 MAP protocol (Mobile Application Part ):

MAP defines how information is exchanged between mobile
system communication network entities for the purpose of
achieving Mobile Station (MS) roaming function .
MAP can support location update, authentication, encryption,
hand over functions for MS

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CAP protocol

 CAP (CAMEL Application Part ):

CAP is from INAP, and it is used for the IN services
CAP enables signaling interworking between GSM Service Switching
Function (gsmSSF), GSM Specialized Resource Function (gsmSRF) and
GSM Service Control Function (gsmSCF) of radio IN functional entities, for
the purpose of supporting CAMEL services

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential Page 32

Questions

 What’s the function of MTP1、2、3 ?

 What’s the function of SCCP、TUP/ISUP、MAP、CAP protocol ?

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential Page 33

 Chapter 1 basic conception of signaling network

Chapter 2 basic conception of trunk network

Chapter 3 SS7 basic protocol introduction

Chapter 4 mobility communication basic

conception introduction

Chapter 5 basic call flow introduction

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential Page 34

GSM area difination

PLMN

MSC area
Location area Cell area

PLMN

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WCDMA area defination

PLMN

MSC area
Service area
Location area
Cell area

PLMN

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 IMSI number

 IMSI number :
IMSI: International Mobile Subscriber Identity
IMSI number is a unique identifier allocated to each mobile
subscriber in a GSM and UMTS network
It’s code type is E.212
IMSI can be saved in SIM card, HLR and VLR, and be
transferred through MAP interface and wireless interface
IMSI has at most 15 digits(0-9), such as 460002289000168

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IMSI number
IMSI (International Mobile Subscriber Identity)

NMSI

MCC MNC MSIN

3 digits 2/3 digits

Not more than 15 digits

MCC：Mobile Country Code

MNC：Mobile Network Code
MSIN：Mobile Station Identification Number
NMSI：National Mobile Station Identity

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 TMSI number

 TMSI number :
TMSI: Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity
In order to ensure subscriber identity confidentiality the VLR (Visitor
Location Register) and SGSN (Serving GPRS Support Node) may allocate
TMSI to visiting mobile subscribers

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IMEI number
The International Mobile Equipment Identity (IMEI) is stored on
the hardware of the mobile station, and is used to check the
validity of the relevant terminal used.
In the Equipment Identity Register (EIR), the same number is
stored to check number compliance. This equipment check is
optional in GSM.

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IMEI number
IMEI (International Mobile Equipment Identity)

TAC FAC SNR spare

6 digits 2 digits 6 digits 1 digits

15 digits

TAC：Type Approval Code

FAC：Final Assembly Code
SNR：Serial Number
spare：standby bit

Example:490547403767335

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MSISDN number
 MSISDN number :
Mobile Station International ISDN Number
The MSISDN Number is the standard international telephone number
used to identify a given subscriber
It’s code type is E.164
MSISDN number can be saved in HLR and VLR, and can be
transferred in MAP interface

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MSISDN number

CC NDC SN

National ( Significant ) Mobile Number

MSISDN：Mobile Station International ISDN number

CC： Country Code, China country code is86

NDC ：National Destination Code
SN： Subscriber Number

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 Device number

CC NDC LSP

MSC number MSC Number

LSP (locally significant part)

CC NDC H0H1 H2 H3 0000

HLR number HLR Number

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MSC/VLR Number and HLR Number

 MSC/VLR number :
It’s code type is E.164

 HLR number
It’s code type is E.164
It’s structure is CC+NDC+H0H1H2H3+0000

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 MSRN/HON

 MSRN/HON number :
They are used to address the target VMSC
They are generated by VLR temporary, when a MS act as a called party,
or the MS is being in the handover procedure

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LAI
 LAC:A Location Area is a number of cells (defined by the mobile
operator) throughout which a GSM / UMTS mobile will be paged
 LAI: Location Area Identity

MCC MNC LAC

Location Area Identity
 MCC：Mobile Country Code
 MNC：Mobile Network Code
 LAC: Location Area Code

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SAI
 SA: Service area
A Service Area consists of one or more cells within a given
LA (Location Area) and may be used to assist in the delivery of
location based services
 SAI: Service Area Identity

MCC MNC LAC SAC

Service Area Identity
 MCC：Mobile Country Code
 MNC：Mobile Network Code
 LAC: Location Area Code
 SAC: Service Area Code

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential Page 48

 CGI
 CGI: Cell Global Identity

MCC MNC LAC CI

Cell Global Identity

 MCC：Mobile Country Code

 MNC：Mobile Network Code
 LAC: Location Area Code
 CI: Cell Identifier

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential Page 49

Questions

 What’s the relationship of PLMN, LA, MSC, Cell, SA ?

 What’s the composition of IMSI, MSISDN, MSC/VLR number, HLR

number, MSRN/HON, LAI、SAI、GCI ?

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential Page 50

 Chapter 1 basic conception of signaling network

Chapter 2 basic conception of trunk network

Chapter 3 SS7 basic protocol introduction

Chapter 4 mobility communication basic

conception introduction

Chapter 5 basic call flow introduction

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential Page 51

 Chapter 3 WCDMA basic call flow

3.1 location update flow

3.2 call flow

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Location Update flow
MSC
HLR

MGW

MS BSC

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 MS BSC MSC VLR HLR

Location Update Req

( IMSI, LAI ) Update Location Area Auth. Parameters Req
( IMSI, LAI ) ( IMSI)

Authentication Req Auth. Info

Authentication Req( RAND) ( RAND) ( IMSI,SRES,RAND,Kc)
A3
Authentication Rsp ( SRES) Authentication Rsp
=
( SRES) Update location
( IMSI)
Generate new
Insert Sub. DATA
TMSI ( IMSI)

Insert Sub. DATA Ack

Start Ciphering( Kc) Location Update Accept

Ciphering Mode
Command ( Rand)
A8
Ciphering Mode complete Forward new TMSI
( Kc Message) ( TMSI)

TMSI Reallocation Command Location Update Accept

( TMSI)
Location Update Accept

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO.,Complet

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TMSI Ack Page 54
 HLR

MSC1
MSC2

MGW1
MGW2

BSC1
BSC2

MS

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 MS BSC MSC New VLR HLR Old VLR

Location Update Req

( IMSI, LAI ) Update Location Area Auth. Parameters Req
( IMSI, LAI ) ( IMSI)

Authentication Req Auth. Info

Authentication Req ( RAND) ( IMSI,SRES,RAND,Kc)
A3 ( RAND)

Authentication Rsp =
Authentication Rsp
( SRES) ( SRES)
Update location
Cancel location
( IMSI) ( IMSI)

Cancel location Ack

Insert Sub. DATA ( IMSI)
Start Ciphering
Ciphering Mode ( IMSI)
( Kc)
Command ( Kc)
A8
Insert Sub. DATA Ack
Ciphering Mode complete
( Kc Message) Forward new TMSI Location Update Accept
( TMSI) Generate new
TMSI Reallocation Command TMSI
( TMSI)
Location Update Accept
Location Update Accept

HUAWEI
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TMSI Reallocation complete
 Basic Call Flow
 Call from a mobile subscriber to another
mobile subscriber

MSC HLR

MGW
BSS-A
BSS-B

MS-A MS-B
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 BSS-A MSC HLR BSS-B
MS-A MGW MS-B

CM Service Request Send Auth. Info. (IMSI)

( IMSI,TMSI, Serv type )

Send Auth. Info. Ack

Authentication Request (R ( IMSI,SRES,RAND,Kc)
AND)
Authentication Response (SRES)

Security Mode Command (Kc)

Security Mode Complete (Kc)

CM Service Accept (Kc)

Setup (Called MSISDN)

Call Proceeding
Prepare Bearer

RAB Assignment Req Prepare Bearer

Radio Bearer Setup

Radio Bearer Setup

RAB Assignment Rsp
Send Routing Info (MSISDN)
Provide Roaming Number (IMSI)
VLR Provide Roaming Number Ack (MSRN)

Send Routing Info Ack (MSRN)

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential

Paging (IMSI,TMSI) Page 58
 BSS-A MSC HLR BSS-B
MS-A MGW MS-B

Paging Response (Service Type, IMSI)

Authentication Request

Authentication Response
Security Mode Command

Security Mode Complete

Setup (Calling MSISDN)
Call Confirmed
Prepare Bearer
Prepare Bearer

RAB Assignment Req

Radio Bearer Setup
Radio Bearer Setup
RAB Assignment Rsp

Alerting
Send Tone
Send Tone

Connect
Stop Tone
Stop Tone
Connect

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During The call Page 59
HUAWEI Confidential
 BSS-A MSC HLR BSS-B
MS-A MGW MS-B

Disconnect
Disconnect
Release
Release Complete

Release Command

Release Complete Release Term

Release Term
Release

Release Complete

Release Command

Release Complete

Release Term

Release Term

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential Page 60

Call flow Messages

1.CM-service request
Call management service request is the initial message sent by the mobile
station.
This message contains either the IMSI or TMSI & also contains the type of
service that is requested by the user,GCI also is a content of this
message.
2.Send authentication information
In this message the MSC requests the authentication parameters (triplets)
from the HLR in order to authenticate the user that
request the service.

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Call flow Messages

3.Send authentication information acknowledge

The HLR provides the triplets to the MSC to complete authentication
phase.
4.Authentication request
Triplets are reserved at the MSC & only forwards the RAND to the
mobile station to request its authentication.

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Call flow Messages

5.Authentication response

Mobile station receives the RAND & uses the algorithms A5 & A8 to
generate the SRES.

Then forward it back to the MSC where it can compare these

parameters to check if the user is valid or not.

6.Secuirity mode command

This is for ciphering the RF channel so it cannot be detected by any

receiver tuned to the same frequency.

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Call flow Messages

8.CM-service accept
After authentication procedures and checking the subscriber is valid,
he is now allowed to proceed for the service that was previously
requested.

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Call flow Messages

9.Setup
This message includes the bearer Capability & also contains the
MSISDN of the called party.
10.Prepare bearer
This message is sent to the media gateway in order to make it assign
the bearer for the initiated call.
The called & caller number are a content of this message.

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Call flow Messages

 11.Radio assignment request

 This message is sent to the BSC to order it to reserve a CIC for

sending traffic.

 12.Bearer establishment

 In this phase the CIC assigned at the BSC side is connected to

the TID at MGW side, which means that the connection is
established

 for voice call.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential Page 66

Call flow Messages

13.Send routing information

The MSC requests the routing information of the called party. At this phase
numbering analysis take place in order to be able to
locate the called user.
14.Provide roaming number
As the HLR recognize that the called party is in the same MSC so it send an
inquiry to the VLR of the MSC asking for the roaming
number of that subscriber MSRN.

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Call flow Messages

15.Paging
After providing the MSC with all the data needed to reach the called party, a
message is sent to check whether this user is available
& reachable or not.
This message contains the SPC of the BSC.
16.Paging response
The mobile send back this message to indicate that its reachable & in idle
mode.(can accept the call)

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Call flow Messages

 17.Alerting

 Alerting message is sent from called party to the caller one, this
message is sent after accomplishing bearer establishment
between

 both sides.

 18.Send tone

 This message is sent to the user to alert him for an incoming call.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential Page 69

Call flow Messages

 19.Connect
 Called party has picked up his phone & ready to talk.
 20.Stop tone
 This message is initiated after the called party picks up, so the tone is
stopped at the caller side & will be connected to the called
 side.
 21.Connect
 The caller party is now connected to the traffic channel with the called
party.

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Call flow Messages

 22.Connect acknowledge

 A successful connection has been established.

 23.Disconnect

 This message is sent when the user terminates the call.

 Note: if you check call traces you can find the cause of this
message which could be normal call clearing or busy etc……

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Call flow Messages

 24.Release

 This message is sent in order to release signaling resources that

was previously assigned for this call.
 25.Release complete

 This is an acknowledgment for the release message.

 26.Realease command for releasing the RF resources.

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 Basic Call Flow
MOC to Fixed Line Subscriber

V/G MSC

HLR

PSTN
MGW

BSS-A

PSTN User

MS-A

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 BSS-A V/G MSC MGW HLR PSTN
MS-A

CM Service Request Send Auth. Info. (IMSI)

( IMSI,TMSI, Serv type )

Send Auth. Info. Ack

Authentication Request (R ( IMSI,SRES,RAND,Kc)
AND)
Authentication Response (SRES)

Security Mode Command (Kc)

Security Mode Complete (Kc)

CM Service Accept (Kc)

Setup (Called MSISDN)

Call Proceeding
Prepare Bearer

RAB Assignment Req Prepare Bearer

Radio Bearer Setup

Radio Bearer Setup

RAB Assignment Rsp
IAM (Called MSISDN,Caller MSISDN)

ACM
Alerting
Connect ANM

Connect Ack
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During the Call
 BSS-A V/G MSC MGW HLR PSTN
MS-A

Disconnect
REL

Release
Release Complete
RLC
Release Command

Release Complete Release Term

Release Term

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 Basic Call Flow
MTC from Fixed Line Subscriber

HLR
VMSC GMSC

PSTN
MGW

BSS-A

MS-A PSTN User

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PSTN GMSC HLR MGW VMSC BSS-A MS-A
IAM
SRI Req (MSISDN) PRN (IMSI)

PRN Ack (MSRN)

SRI Rsp (MSRN)

IAM (Called MSRN,Caller MSISDN) Paging (IMSI,TMSI)

Paging (IMSI,TMSI)
Paging Rsp
Authentication Request (R
AND)
Authentication Response (SRES)
Security Mode Command (Kc)
Security Mode Complete (Kc)
Setup (Called MSISDN)

Call Confirmed

Bearer Establishment

ACM Alerting

ANM Connect
Connect Ack

During the call

Disconnect
REL Release Command
RLC Release Complete
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Bearer Release
 Thank you

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