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Solar Powered Water System Rev 5

This document proposes a solar and wind powered rural water supply system for Niger Delta communities lacking reliable power or water access. A solar water pumping system uses photovoltaic panels to produce electricity that powers an electrically driven water pump. Key aspects of the proposed design include establishing daily water needs, selecting equipment to meet needs, and properly sizing the solar array, batteries, and wind turbines based on power requirements and solar irradiance levels. The project aims to provide continuous, low-maintenance water access while addressing challenges like pumping depths, equipment efficiencies, and solar energy availability.

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Shola Daley
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
34 views23 pages

Solar Powered Water System Rev 5

This document proposes a solar and wind powered rural water supply system for Niger Delta communities lacking reliable power or water access. A solar water pumping system uses photovoltaic panels to produce electricity that powers an electrically driven water pump. Key aspects of the proposed design include establishing daily water needs, selecting equipment to meet needs, and properly sizing the solar array, batteries, and wind turbines based on power requirements and solar irradiance levels. The project aims to provide continuous, low-maintenance water access while addressing challenges like pumping depths, equipment efficiencies, and solar energy availability.

Uploaded by

Shola Daley
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Short Presentation:

Remote Solar Powered Rural Water Supply System


Project Background & Description

Access to good water sources is often a


challenge in rural and developing communities
with no exception to vast areas of the Niger
Delta.

The absence of reliable or basic power utilities


often renders standard water supply plants
ineffectual in these locations hence alternative
designs powered by renewable energy
sources are frequently implemented by
governments and NGO’s to ensure supply of
this much needed resource.

This Project Proposal has been developed to


articulate the design and implementation
processes for a successful Solar/Wind
Powered Water Supply System in rural areas
of the Niger Delta.

www.Ipgrupp.com 3rd Floor, ChairCenter Building Lekki Expressway 44b Ajanaku Road, Opebi Ikeja 08023036794 018984028
About Solar Powered Water Systems

A solar water pumping system is


essentially an electrically driven
pumping system. Electricity, in this
instance, is produced by the
sunlight energizing photovoltaic
(solar) modules comprised of solar
cells

The typical solar cell is a thin wafer


of silicon that transforms light
energy into electrical energy. The
cells are encapsulated in flat
modules to protect them from the
weather. Any number of modules
can be connected together to form
an array. The array is sized to meet
a pumping systems’ power
requirements.
www.Ipgrupp.com 3rd Floor, ChairCenter Building Lekki Expressway 44b Ajanaku Road, Opebi Ikeja 08023036794 018984028
About Solar Powered Water Systems

For the best electrical and mechanical


performance, all components of the
solar pumping system must be
carefully matched. Correct sizing of
the pump, motor, controlling devices
and solar array, will allow the system
to operate at the highest efficiency to
ensure economical water pumping.

www.Ipgrupp.com 3rd Floor, ChairCenter Building Lekki Expressway 44b Ajanaku Road, Opebi Ikeja 08023036794 018984028
Solar Pumping System Schematic

www.Ipgrupp.com 3rd Floor, ChairCenter Building Lekki Expressway 44b Ajanaku Road, Opebi Ikeja 08023036794 018984028
About Solar Powered Water Systems

Solar pumps can be used almost anywhere


electrically operated pumps are used.
However, the most cost effective applications
of solar water pumps occur when either:

(a) there is a low power requirement;

(b) the area or application is remote and it is


costly and time consuming to operate and
maintain diesel or petrol engines; or

(c) where there is no reliable electricity


supply readily available.

www.Ipgrupp.com 3rd Floor, ChairCenter Building Lekki Expressway 44b Ajanaku Road, Opebi Ikeja 08023036794 018984028
How much power is required for water pumping?
The amount of power that is required for
a solar water pumping system, depends
on the quantity of water to be pumped,
the rate at which it is to be pumped and
the total head at which the system must
operate.

Total head consists of two parts:

(i) the static head (the height through


which the water must be lifted), and

(ii) the dynamic head (the pressure increase


caused by friction through the
pipework.).

The Solar Pump Motor is selected to


adequately push the water through the
total www.Ipgrupp.com
head rd
3 Floor, ChairCenter Building Lekki Expressway 44b Ajanaku Road, Opebi Ikeja 08023036794 018984028
Project Requirements

The primary project


requirement is to implement
effective , reliable and
scalable rural water supply
systems that are powered
by stand-alone renewable
energy sources

www.Ipgrupp.com 3rd Floor, ChairCenter Building Lekki Expressway 44b Ajanaku Road, Opebi Ikeja 08023036794 018984028
Indices for Successful rural water Project

i. Continuity of service

ii. Minimal maintenance

iii. Simplicity of operations

iv. Meet current water demands

v. Scalable to allow for capacity growth

www.Ipgrupp.com 3rd Floor, ChairCenter Building Lekki Expressway 44b Ajanaku Road, Opebi Ikeja 08023036794 018984028
Project Implementation – The Design

There are several key aspect to the successful implementation of a solar


pumping water system

1. Establish the basic amount of water required per day

2. Review available electromechanical solar based equipment and


confirm technical/commercial feasibility of achieving established
daily water requirements

3. Specify water supply schemes( Single or Multiple wells?, Single or


multiple Pump-lines?)

4. Establish Total Power requirements (TPR) for dynamic and static


equipment

www.Ipgrupp.com 3rd Floor, ChairCenter Building Lekki Expressway 44b Ajanaku Road, Opebi Ikeja 08023036794 018984028
Project Implementation –

Successful implementation of a solar pumping water system cont’d

5. Size Solar Array, Battery Bank, Wind Turbine in view of:

• Total Power Requirements


• Local Insolation (available daily sunshine)
• Provisions for cloudy and low wind days
• Gradual depreciation of system efficiency

6. Integrate redundancy and fail-over schemes into design

7. Integrate scalability of service/capacity into design

8. Carry-out installation in compliance with applicable RE codes

9. Final Installation should provide for easy and affective routine maintenance

www.Ipgrupp.com 3rd Floor, ChairCenter Building Lekki Expressway 44b Ajanaku Road, Opebi Ikeja 08023036794 018984028
Project Challenges

Water-Head Height versus Water


Quality

A key design consideration is


determining the depth from which the
submersible pump will lift water to the
overhead tank.

Theoretically stating, the deeper you


pump from the higher the quality of
water you can expect, with solar
pumping systems however an
overriding requirement is to keep
overall power consumption to the
minimum hence a balance need to be
achieved between water quality and
pumping depth.

www.Ipgrupp.com 3rd Floor, ChairCenter Building Lekki Expressway 44b Ajanaku Road, Opebi Ikeja 08023036794 018984028
Project Challenges

Limitations of The Solar Array

Unfortunately, the efficiency of solar cells


declines as they get hotter . Most solar cells
attain temperatures in the range 50-60°C in
full sunlight conditions, but their power rating
is generally quoted by manufacturers for an
operating temperature of 25°C, which
coincides with laboratory conditions for a
standard method of testing. They therefore
will never achieve their rated output in
practice under normal sunshine, but sizing
methodologies, such as are described later,
take account of this discrepancy.

Pipe losses, even with a well designed low


head system, can also be quite significant
again lowering the overall efficiency
Project Challenges Availability of Solar Energy

The average value of solar


irradiance just outside the earth's
atmosphere is 1 353 W/m2.
However the Solar radiation or
irradiance available at the ground
level is subject geographical
location with some areas in the
10deg- 30deg latitude receiving
highest solar radiation for the
longest daily hours throughout the
seasonal year.

www.Ipgrupp.com 3rd Floor, ChairCenter Building Lekki Expressway 44b Ajanaku Road, Opebi Ikeja 08023036794 018984028
Proposed implementation Overview- Sizing the Reservoir
Several factors are taken into consideration in sizing this particular rural water supply
system. Enquiries on existing similar projects in the state suggest that a standard of
between 20,000 to 25,000 gallons has been applied in many non-solar water projects.

If this is a projected daily consumption for the community then assuming the pumping
system activates twice a days a pump flow of about 8m3/hr(1m3=250gallons)
Will be required to achieve this, a huge capacity feat and currently out of the range of
many commercially available submersible solar pumps.

With this in view the design proposed is alternatively based on 15,000 gallons/day
productions with three pumping streams at 3m3/hr in service for a maximum of 10hrs
every 24hours

Assume two units working for 10 hours Totalized flow is:

3m3/hr x 2 x 10hrs = 60m3

Converting to gallons : (60 x 250) or 15,000


www.Ipgrupp.com 3rd Floor, ChairCenter Building Lekki Expressway 44b Ajanaku Road, Opebi Ikeja 08023036794 018984028
Proposed implementation Overview- Sizing the Solar Array
The array will be sized for each “pump stream” which is this case is comprised :

•The submersible

•A surface pump

•Control Equipment

www.Ipgrupp.com 3rd Floor, ChairCenter Building Lekki Expressway 44b Ajanaku Road, Opebi Ikeja 08023036794 018984028
Proposed implementation Overview- Sizing the Solar Array
Load Description Quantity HP Watts AC/DC
Sumbmersible Water Pump 1 2.5 1875 DC
Suface Water Pump 1 1 750 DC
Miscellaneous Controls NA 200 DC
Total System Load + 25% 3531 DC

Total System Load 3,531W if both pumps are


running for 10hrs daily energy demand is

3531 x 10 approx 36Kwhrs


This is an indication of the total daily solar energy
that need to be generated from the solar array,
hence if we specify 200W solar panels and assume
full exposure to sun daily of 5 hours factor in
efficiency losses of 40% the each panel can provide

200 x 5 x 0.6 or approx 600whrs /day

Total (200W)Panels required would be 36000/600 or 60

www.Ipgrupp.com 3rd Floor, ChairCenter Building Lekki Expressway 44b Ajanaku Road, Opebi Ikeja 08023036794 018984028
Proposed implementation Overview- Sizing the Battery

Solar Array Sizing Summary Watts Hrs KwHrs


Total Energy Required Daily 3531 10 36
Toal Generated by 200w Panels per Day 120 5 0.6
Panels required for Each Pumping Stream 60

The design should provide for continued service


during period of significant cloudiness and low
irradiation for up to three days. To accomplish
this a battery bank needs to be sized to provide
back-up power during such periods

Daily Energy requirements = 36Kwhrs

Using 24VDC batteries with 250AmpHours ratings

Total energy stored in each battery = 24 x 250 or 6 Kwhrs

Batteries required for three days back-up = (3 x 36 )/6

Or 12
www.Ipgrupp.com 3rd Floor, ChairCenter Building Lekki Expressway 44b Ajanaku Road, Opebi Ikeja 08023036794 018984028
Proposed implementation Overview- Sizing the Battery

Solar Array & Battery Sizing Summary Watts Hrs KwHrs Quantity
Total Energy Required Daily 3531 10 36
Toal Generated by 200w Panels per Day 120 5 0.6
Panels required for Each Pumping Stream 60
24VDC batteries required for 3-day
back-up power supply to system 12

The design will integrate a wind-powered DC


generator turbine set to trickle charge the
battery bank in addition to charging current
provided by the solar this ensures that system
will provide some level function even in the worst
of weathers.

www.Ipgrupp.com 3rd Floor, ChairCenter Building Lekki Expressway 44b Ajanaku Road, Opebi Ikeja 08023036794 018984028
Proposed implementation Overview- Reliability and fail-over

The remote nature of these facilities and level of technical support locally available
are key factors taken into consideration is this design, this informs the use of two
independent pump streams proposed each capable to delivering 10,000 gallons of
water to the reservoir at full capacity.

Furthermore the two pump streams also provides the much needed scalability of the
entire system , allowing us upgrade the systems by providing additional pump
streams one-by-one as demand requires and funding permits.

www.Ipgrupp.com 3rd Floor, ChairCenter Building Lekki Expressway 44b Ajanaku Road, Opebi Ikeja 08023036794 018984028
Proposed implementation Overview- Material Take-off

The List below is the proposed preliminary


material/equipment take-off for a single pump
stream of the rural water production unit

Preliminary Project Materials List Unit Qty Cost Total


250W Solar Panels Each 60 TBD
DC Submersible Water Pump Each 1 TBD
DC Surface Water Pump Each 2 TBD
24VDC 200AH Deep Cycle AGM
batteries Each 12 TBD
Trickle Charge 500W DC Wind Turbine
Generators Each 2 TBD
Solar Charge Controller Including Timers Each 1 TBD

www.Ipgrupp.com 3rd Floor, ChairCenter Building Lekki Expressway 44b Ajanaku Road, Opebi Ikeja 08023036794 018984028
Long-Term Success and Equipment Maintenance

•The Solar Array


•The Battery Bank
•The Control and Instrumentation System
•The Wind – Turbine Generator
Conclusions – Managing Client Expectations Technology Driven,
Result Oriented

The output of a solar pumping system is very dependent on good


system design derived from accurate site and demand data. It is
therefore essential that accurate assumptions are made
regarding water demand/pattern of use and water availability
including well yield and expected drawdown.

Solar Energy pumping and related Systems is a technology still in


early developmental stage, proposing alternative energy
solutions based on this technology care should be taken to
clearly articulate what is possible and what is not! This obviously
implies that the consultant should be fully conversant with the
application of solar based systems, the benefits and most
importantly the limitations and how this manifest in the service
and reliability levels the client should expect.

That said an adequately designed systems that does incorporate


the prevailing local limitations will work and provide the clients will
well defined benefits of a renewable energy water pumping
systems.

www.Ipgrupp.com 3rd Floor, ChairCenter Building Lekki Expressway 44b Ajanaku Road, Opebi Ikeja 08023036794 018984028

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