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Today's Lecture Outline: - Loops - While Loop

The document discusses loops in C/C++, including while loops, for loops, and do-while loops. It explains that a loop has a termination point, a counter that tracks iterations, and statements that are executed until the loop condition becomes false. Examples are provided of a while loop that counts from 0 to 5 and increments a total, and how pre-increment and post-increment operators work differently. Key points are that the loop body executes until the condition is false, the first statement after the loop is then executed, and loops can be infinite.

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Mir Fida Nadeem
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70 views

Today's Lecture Outline: - Loops - While Loop

The document discusses loops in C/C++, including while loops, for loops, and do-while loops. It explains that a loop has a termination point, a counter that tracks iterations, and statements that are executed until the loop condition becomes false. Examples are provided of a while loop that counts from 0 to 5 and increments a total, and how pre-increment and post-increment operators work differently. Key points are that the loop body executes until the condition is false, the first statement after the loop is then executed, and loops can be infinite.

Uploaded by

Mir Fida Nadeem
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 16

Today’s lecture outline

• Loops
– while loop

1
Loops in C/C++
• Three major loops structures in C/C++
– while loop
– for loop
– do while

2
Loop in general
• Loop has a termination point  finite loop
– Loop execution stops when the loop
condition becomes false
• Loop has a counter that counts number of
iterations of that loop
• Loop has a statement or a set of statements
that are executed until the loop condition
become false

3
Repetition - Example
• Formula 1 car race
• There is a path/track
• Each car has to complete a
certain no of rounds say 10
• In each round, when a car cross
the finish line
– the condition is check whether
the car has completed total no
of round or not.

4
General form while loop

5
The while loop

Condition

Set of
statements Loop counter

6
A while loop program
main( )
{ Memory
int count = 0;
51 0
int total = 0; count 2
34
while(count < 5)
{ total 3
1
0
6
total = total + count; 10
cout<< count<< total; 0
count = count +1;
}
}
Program Output
count = 0, total = 0
count = 1, total = 1
count = 2, total = 3
count = 3, total = 6
count = 4, total = 10 7
Points to remember
• Loop body will keep on executing until the
loop condition become false
• When loop condition become false, the first
statement after the while block will be
executed
• Condition can be a single or compound

8
Cont.
• Statement within loop body can be single line
or block of statement.
• In case of single line parentheses are optional

• In case of block, parentheses are must


9
Cont..
• A loop can be infinite loop

10
Cont.
• Loop counter can be decremented

11
Cont.
• It is not necessary that a loop counter must
only be int. it can be float or char

12
Pre and post increment operator
• Pre increment/ decrement
– ++x; is same as x = x + 1;
– or – –x is same as x = x – 1;
• Post increment/ decrement
– x++; is same as x = x + 1;
– or x-- is same as x = x – 1;

13
Difference between pre and post operators

x = 1; y = x;
y = x ++; x = x + 1;
cout<<x<<y;
output
x = 2, y = 1

x = 1; x = x + 1;
y = ++ x; y = x;
cout<<x<<y;

output
x = 2, y = 2

14
Other operator

i = i + 1;
• += is a compound assignment operator
• j = j + 10 can also be written as j += 10
• Other compound assignment operators are -=, *=, / =, %=.

15
Example program
First comparison i < 10 is
performed then value of
i is incremented

First the value of i is


incremented then
comparison i < 10 is
performed

16

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