UPS Fundamentals
UPS Fundamentals
1. Power Fundamentals
2. Power Problems.
* Types of Power Problem.
* Solutions/Protection.
1. Types Of UPS systems.
2. UPS tech. Specs Fundamentals.
1) Power Factor
2) Crest Factor
3) Voltage Regulation
4) a) Line Interactive specs.
b) On Line specs.
1. Battery.
2. Power Drawn by Computer.
3. Comparison Of Line Interactive & On-Line UPS systems.
INDEX:
• POWER FUNDAMENTALS
• POWER PROBLEMS (a)
TYPES (b)
PROTECTION
• UPS SYSTEMS
DATEX • TYPES OF UPS
• DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
LINE INTERACTIVE AND
ON LINE UPS
• TECHNICAL TERMS
ASSOCIATED WITH UPS
• BATTERIES
POWER FUNDAMENTALS
• VOLTAGE
• CURRENT
• RESISTANCE
• DC VOLTAGE
• AC VOLTAGE
• POWER
• FREQUENCY
• WAVEFORM
• TRANSFORMER
• Voltage : is the source of power that makes
the currentPower
flow and helps the electrical
Fundamentals
appliances to perform their functions.
V o lt a g e is t h e e le c t r ic a l fo r c e th a t m o v e s
e le c t r o n s th ro u g h a c o n d u c t o r . V o lt a g e is
e le c t r ic a l p r e s s u r e a ls o k n o w n a s E M F ( E le c t r o
M o t iv e F o r c e ) t h a t p u s h e s e le c t r o n s .
T h e g r e a t e r t h e d iffe r e n c e in e le c t r ic a l p o t e n t ia l
p u s h ( d iffe r e n c e b e t w e e n p o s it iv e a n d n e g a t iv e ) ,
t h e g r e a t e r t h e v o lt a g e fo r c e p o t e n t ia l.
MEASUREMENT
• Symbol: I
Measured in : Amperes (A).
Electrical Fundamentals
Units of measurement of Current
AMPERAGE Symbol µA mA A
Pronounced Microamp milliamp Amp
Multiplier 0.000001 0.001 1
RESISTANCE
Therefore a Load with less resistance will cause more current to flow
through it. That is why a short circuit in an electrical line causes infinite
amount of current to flow, as there is zero resistance.This causes heating
and eventually burning of the wire.
MEASUREMENT
1. Purely resitive
One Cycle
Frequency (f ) = 1/ T
Peak Voltage = 320 V
R.M.S. Voltage = 220 V
Average Voltage = 207 V
T = 20 msec,
f = 1/20 m sec = 50 Hz
T
Sine Wave Form
The common voltage which comes in our households is known as
Sine Wave.
T r a n s fo r m e r
I s o la t e d A u t o m o t iv e
S te p U p S te p D o w n S te p U p S te p D o w n
•What are power problems ?
Effects :
* Loss of data stored on the hard drives due to sudden switching
off of the computer systems.
*Effects: Delicate components can get stressed and this can cause
system failure.
PCs
A/C TUBE-
MOTOR
LITE
Elevator FANS
SPIKES
* Implies an instantaneous increase in voltage of a very high
orders.
Upto 2000
Electric
Electricwhat
what
GENERATION
OF ELECTRIC
LIGHTNING
Transmission
Line
CONSUMER
LINE NOISE
* It can remove voltage sags & surges from the mains voltage quite
effectively.
Charger Battery
• In Datex Online UPS system, On-Line
even in the presence of
mains, the computer is
always powered by the
battery/inverter circuit.
By Pass Switch
• Another charger circuit keeps
charging the battery.
• There’s no switchover AC
AC DC
AC AC
involved. Input DC Output
WAVE FORM QUASI SINEWAVE PURE SINEWAVE There are some voltage sensitive
(MOSTLY) devices which require pure sine
wave which can be only provided
by online ups.
VA = V x I (volt ampere)
Watts = V x I x Power factor
(watts is the actual energy consumed per unit time by an electrical
load)
Power factor = Cosø
(the ratio of actual power to reactive power is called power factor)
.
INPUT VOLTAGE WINDOW
Input voltage range within which the UPS continues to be in the mains
mode.
CELL VOLTAGE
Specifications:-
(1) Voltage 12V 6V & 2V Cells
(2) Ampere Hour (AH)
BATTERY CHARACTERSTICS
TYPES OF BATTERIES
-Ni Cd Batteries
-Lead Acid
Ni Cd Batteries
-12V 7AH
-12V 17AH
-12V 28AH
-12V 45AH
-12V 65AH
-Automotive 150Ah (trucking battery) exide.
TYPES OF BATTERIES
Lead Acid Ni cd
High Choice
for UPS Low Power
Power
Sealed Automotive
Maintenance
free (SMF)