APPLICATIONS OF

INDUSTRIAL ROBOTS
What we’re going totalk?

Material Handling

Machine Loading
and Unloading

Assembly

Inspection
What we’re going totalk?

Welding

Spray painting

Mobile robots

Microbots
Material Handling
It is further classified into two types :
1.Machine loading and unloading
2.Material transfer
We use material handling robots to transfer parts from
one machine to another.

Material handling is the combination of art and science

of:

 Moving
 Storing
 Protecting
 Controlling the material
Material handling means providingthe

right amount of the right material in the right

condition at the right place in the right position in
the right sequence in the right time by the right
method
Goals of material handling

1. Reduce unit costs of production

2. Maintain or improve product quality,
reduce damages, and provide for
protection of materials
3. Promote safety and improve working
conditions
4. Promote productivity
5. Promote increased use of facilities
6. Control inventory
Machine Loading And Unloading

In machine loading and unloading process, a robot

will be used to move the work parts to or from the
production machine. This application comes under the
category of material handling operations.
Machine loading

In this operation, the robot loads raw work

parts in the machine, and some other systems are
used to unload the finished work parts from the
machine.

Example: In a press working process, a robot is

used to load the sheet metal in the press, and the
finished work parts are removed from the press with
the help of gravity.
Machine Unloading

In machine unloading, the finished work

parts are unloaded from the machine by a
robot, while the loading of raw materials are
done without any robot support.

Example: Plastic modeling and die casting.

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Machine Loading & Unloading

In this process, a robot performs both

loading and unloading of work parts in and
from the machine.

Example: Machining operation

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Benefits of Machine Loading

•Precision
•Accuracy
•Increased Safety
•Speed
•Reliability
•Flexibility
•Can be used in dangerous work
environment
•Machine loading robots work efficiently,
tirelessly, and accurately
Assembly
When it comes to putting parts
together, assembly line robots occupy a sweet spot
between humans and dedicated or “hard”
automation. An assembly robot moves faster and
with greater precision than a human.
 Application

•Robot find applications in assembly areas involving

1. screwing of studs and screws in threads holes

2. screwing and unscrewing of nuts
3. insertions of shafts in holes
4. insertion of electronics components in electric assemblies.
5. assemblies of small electric motors, plugs, switches,
etc

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Inspection
•The inspection of robots will involve some of the sensors
to calculate the worth of a manufactured part. It uses
mechanical probe experiments to inspect the finished
parts.

•A robot arm with a vision camera can also be used for

non-destructive testing and 3D measurements. It can
objectively identify and pinpoint defects or faulty parts
before they are packed or shi pped.
Welding
•Robot Welding is a process of joining different
materials.

•The large bulk of materials that are welded are

metals and their alloys although welding is also
applied to the joining of other materials such as
thermoplastics.

•Welding joins different metals or alloys with help of a

number of processes in which heat is supplied either
electrically or by means of a gas torch.
WHY ROBOT ARCWELDING?
•Arc welding is performed by skilled workers who are assisted
by a person called fitter.

•The purpose of the fitter is to organize the work and fixture

the parts of the welder.

•The working condition of the welder is typically unpleasant

and hazardous.

•The arc from the welding process emits ultra-violet radiations

which is injurious to human vision.

•As a result welders are required to wear eye protection in the

form of a welding helmet with a dark window.

•Sparks and smoke are generated during the process are a

potential threat to operators.

•Because of the hazards for human workers in continuous arc

welding, it is logical to consider industrial robots for the
BENEFITS OF ROBOT ARC WELDING

GREATER QUALITY OF PRODUCT

IMPROVED SAFTEY AND QUALITY-OF-

WORK LIFE

HIGHER PRODUCTIVITY

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FEATURES OF ARC WELDING ROBOTS

WORK VOLUME AND DEGREES OF

FREEDOM

MOTION CONTROL SYSTEM

PRECISION OF MOTION

PROGRAMMING

INTERFACE WITH OTHER SYSTEM

ARC WELDING ROBOT
Arc welding robots performing in aworkshop
WHY ROBOT SPOTWELDING?
•For larger works on spot welding the welding guns with
cables attached is quite heavy and can easily exceed 100lb
in weight.

•To assist the operator in manipulating the gun, the

apparatus is suspended from an overhead hoist system.

•Even with this assistance, the spot-welding gun represents

a heavy mass and is difficult to manipulate by a human
worker at high rates of production desired on a car body
assembly line.

•There are often problems with the consistency of the

welded products made on such a manual line as a
consequence of this difficulty.

•As a result of these difficulties robots have been employed

with great success on this type of production line to perform
BENEFITS OF ROBOT SPOT WELDING

IMPROVED PRODUCT QUALITY

OPERATOR SAFETY

BETTER CONTROL OVER

PRODUCTION OPERATION

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FEATURES OF SPOT-WELDING
ROBOTS
•Robots must be relatively large. It must have sufficient
payload capacity to readily manipulate the welding gun
for the application.

•The work volume must be adequate for the size of the

product.

•The robot must be able to position and orient the

welding gun in places on the product that might be
difficult to access. This might result in need for an
increased number of freedoms.

•The controller memory must have enough capacity to

accomplish the many positioning steps required for the
spot-welding cycle.
A typical spot weldingrobot
Spot welding robot performing ina
welding cell
SPRAY PAINTING
Every metallic material will be painted at the final
stage of production in order to protect it from
corrosion. In an automobile industry, the finished
metals are painted with different colors for attracting
the customers.
METHODS USED FOR SPRAYPAINTING
In olden days, this painting process was done by two methods
such as spray coating and immersion & flow coating methods.

Spray Coating method:

In the spray coating method, a spray gun is used to coat the
paints on a metal. It is done manually by the well skilled human
labors. This process can be performed by three different ways,
namely:
Airless spray method.
Air spray method.
Electrostatic spray method.

Immersion and Flow Coating methods:

The operation of immersion and flow coating methods are
almost similar to each other. Both these methods are very
simple techniques in the painting process. In the immersion
method, a metal is dropped into a paint tank and taken out. The
surplus of paints is sent back to the tank. The metals that are to
be painted are placed on top of the paint tank in the flow
WHY ROBOT FOR SPRAYPAINTING

The spray coating method is the harmful process in

the painting operation. It causes a lot of dangers to
the human workers such as:

•Production of fire during the combination of

flammable paint and air.
•Emission of toxic fumes and mist in the
environment.
•Possibility of cancer disease.
•Noise from the spray gun nozzle will cause hearing
problems.
 This robot attaches a spray gun on its
wrist and acts like an end effector. The operation
is programmed by a human with the help of teach
– through methods. A robot must have several
necessities such as two or more program storage,
continuous path control, manual lead through
programming method, and hydraulic drive system
for carrying out this process. This type of robots is
mostly used in automobile industries for painting
the exterior and interior parts of a car.

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Advantages of Spray PaintingRobot

High consistency

Better productivity

Increased labors safety

Less power consumption

Minimizes the use of paint

MOBILE ROBOTS
–Robots that move around on legs, tracks
or wheels from one place to another.
Eg-
In 1979 a nuclear accident in the USA
caused a leak of radioactive material
which led to Production of special robot
–which Can handle the radioactive
materials.
Why go from place toplace?

•Transport goods and materials

•Carry messages
•Get there faster
•Do a task while you’re getting there
•Collect information about what’s there
•Get away from something
Most robots get around by rolling

Walking is hard – Wheels and treads

it requires balancing make moving over
Swimming only ground easier. They
works in water provide stability with
Flying requires a lot multiple points that
of speed and energy touch the ground
INTRODUCTION

Microbots (or microrobots) is the field

of miniature robotics, in particular mobile robots
with dimensions less than 1 mm. The term can
also be used for robots capable of handling
micrometer size components.
Microbots were developed as a result of
1. Microcontrollers
2. Appearance of miniature mechanical
systems on silicon (MEMS)
CHALLENGES
One of the major challenges in
developing a microrobot is to achieve motion
using a very limited power supply.

How to overcome challenges

The microrobots can use a small

lightweight battery source like a coin cell or can
scavenge power from the surrounding
environment in the form of vibration or light
energy.
Microrobots are also now using biological
motors as power sources to draw chemical
power from the surrounding fluid to actuate the
robotic device.
MEDICAL MICROBOTS
TASKS

I. Obtaining and measuring data by sensing

II. Collecting samples
III. Recording and
IV. Transferring images to a Central Control
Station.

A Microbot is also contain a mobile

communication module by means of which it can
receive commands from the control centers and
send responses.
SUBSYSTEMS

A microbot system is composed of four

fundamental subsystems

1) Mobility
2) Power
3) Communication
4) Control and Computation
5) Sensors.
 Robots in Space

NASASpaceStation
Robots in Hazardous Environments

TROV in Antarctica operating HAZBOToperating in atmospheres

containing combustible gases
under water
 Medical Robots

Robotic assistant for

micro surgery
 Robots at Home

Sony SDR-3X Entertainment Robot SonyAido

Future of Robots

Artificial Intelligence

Cog Kismet
Future of Robots
Anatomy

Robot Work Crews Garbage Collection Cart

Future of Robots
Humanoids

HONDAHumanoid Robot
 Ideal Tasks
Tasks which are:
– Dangerous
• Space exploration
• chemical spill cleanup
• disarming bombs
• disaster cleanup
– Boring and/or repetitive
• Welding car frames
• part pick and place
• manufacturing parts.
– High precision or high speed
• Electronics testing
• Surgery
• precision machining.
• Automation –Machinery designed to carry outa specific task
(These are always better than
– Bottling machine robots, because they can be
optimally designed for a
– Dishwasher particular task).
– Paint sprayer

• Robots – machinery designed

tocarry out a variety of tasks
– Pick and place arms
– Mobile robots
– Computer Numerical Control machines
 Recent developments in
1 robotics

A new version of a humanoid disaster robot, called Atlas,

can do half-turns in the air and even a back flip.
 The eerily humanoid robot, called Atlas, is 4.9 feet
(1.5 meters) tall and weighs 165 pounds (75 kilograms), and
uses Lidar and stereovision to navigate in its surroundings,
according to Boston Dynamics, which makes the robot. Atlas
is designed to be able to take on emergency situations where
human life would normally be put at risk, such as going into
buildings that have crumbled after an earthquake, or dealing
with patients who have deadly, highly infectious diseases.
This robot performing amazing acrobatic feats, from
backflips to half-turn jumps. Atlas has other human-like
abilities, such as a sense of balance, so it resists toppling
when pushed, and can get back up after a fierce shove.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=30&v=fRj34o4hN4I
2

"Sophia," created by Hanson Robotics, attends the RISE

Conference at the Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition
Centre on July 12, 2017.
 A robot with an uncannily human-like appearance
recently advanced one step closer to human status, when it
was granted citizenship to Saudi Arabia at the tech summit
Future Investment Initiative (FII).

Named "Sophia," the robot, created by Hanson Robotics

(HR), has a pale-skinned face with features that are capable
of being highly mobile and expressive and displaying a
range of emotions. The company's "latest and most
advanced robot," according to a statement on the HR
website took to the stage at FII on Oct. 25 to address
hundreds of attendees in Riyahd, Saudi Arabia, and to
announce her recently acquired citizenship — the first to be
given to a robot.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gWxRLA2BWkw
3

Hands Free Hectare is an experimental farm run by

researchers from Harper Adams University, in the United
Kingdom.
 It's harvest season in many parts of the world,
but on one farm in the United Kingdom, robots — not
humans — are doing all the heavy lifting.
At Hands Free Hectare, an experimental farm
run by researchers from Harper Adams University, in
the village of Edgmond in the U.K., about 5 tons (4.5
metric tons) of spring barley have been harvested from
the world’s first robotically tended farm. Everything
from start to finish — including sowing, fertilizing,
collecting samples and harvesting — has been done by
autonomous vehicles on the farm, according to the
researchers.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xr4aBFUzLmw
4

Just as one might don a wet suit to work

underwater or a spacesuit to work in space, researchers
are designing exoskeletons for robots so the machines can
wear a variety of outfits tailored to different missions.
In experiments, self-folding, heat-activated
origami suits created for robots could help the machines
walk, roll, sail and glide, according to the new study.
5

The Robobee is the size of a cent

 This insect-sized flying robot is smaller than a
quarter, 12 times lighter than a paperclip, and zips
through the air with a pair of flapping wings. That’s not
even the impressive part. Using a trick of electrostatic
energy, the minuscule bot can efficiently cling to the
underside of any flat surface, from tree leaves to glass
skylights to your plaster ceiling. This electric-powered
perching is almost effortless—it takes 1,000 times less
energy than is needed to fly. The insectoid bot is called
RoboBee, and was developed by a team of roboticists led
by Moritz Graule, a mechanical engineer at MIT.
RoboBee’s wings beat almost as quickly as a real
honeybee.
Kindly refer the second PPTfor
SAFETY CONSIDERATION
Robotics - Fields of application
1.Agriculture
2.Automobile
3.Construction
4.Entertainment
5.Health care: hospitals, patient-care, surgery , research, etc.
6.Law enforcement: surveillance, patrol, etc.
7.Manufacturing
8.Military: demining, surveillance, attack, etc.
9.Mining, excavation, and exploration
10.Transportation: air, ground, rail, space, etc.
11.Material handling
12.Material transfer
13.Machine loading/ unloading
14.Spot welding
15.Continuous arc welding
16.Spray painting
17.Assembly
18. Inspection
19. Laboratories: science, engineering , etc.
The Purpose of Robots
 Robots are also used for thefollowing tasks:

• Dirty Tasks
• Repetitive tasks
• Dangeroustasks
• Impossible tasks
• Robots assisting the handicapped
• Can operate equipments at muchhigher
precision than humans.
• Cheaper on a long term basis.
Thank you