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Lesson 3 Earth Systems Part 2

The term “Earth system" refers to Earth´s interacting physical, chemical, and biological processes. The system consists of the land, oceans, atmosphere and poles. It includes the planet's natural cycles — the carbon, water, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulphur and other cycles — and deep Earth processes. Life too is an integral part of the Earth system. Life affects the carbon, nitrogen, water, oxygen and many other cycles and processes. The Earth system now includes human society, Our social and economic systems are now embedded within the Earth system. In many cases, the human systems are now the main drivers of change in the Earth system.

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101 views

Lesson 3 Earth Systems Part 2

The term “Earth system" refers to Earth´s interacting physical, chemical, and biological processes. The system consists of the land, oceans, atmosphere and poles. It includes the planet's natural cycles — the carbon, water, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulphur and other cycles — and deep Earth processes. Life too is an integral part of the Earth system. Life affects the carbon, nitrogen, water, oxygen and many other cycles and processes. The Earth system now includes human society, Our social and economic systems are now embedded within the Earth system. In many cases, the human systems are now the main drivers of change in the Earth system.

Uploaded by

huehuehue
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lesson 3: Earth Systems

OBJECTIVES;
• Define the concept of a
system.
• Recognize the earth as a
system composed of
subsystems
INTRODUCTORY ACTIVITY

• What did you know about


or have experienced
regarding El Nino?
EXPLAINATION;
• It starts with the unusual warming of the
central pacific ocean accompanied by the
weakening of the trade winds.
• The warming of the central pacific ocean
results to an eastward shift of the low
pressure area.
• Its atmospheric conditions: hot and dry; no
rain; water crisis.
• It is the result of hydrosphere-atmosphere
interaction.
LESSON PROPER
• SYSTEM-set of interconnected
components that are interacting to
form a unified whole.
• The subsystems of the earth
(atmosphere, hydrosphere,
biosphere, and lithosphere) interact
with each other.
• The arrows in the diagram indicate
the interaction among the
components.
• A closed system is a system in which
there is only an exchange of heat or
energy and no exchange of matter.
Explain that the earth system
is essentially a closed system.
It receives energy from the
sun and return some of its
energy to space
INTRODUCING THE TERM:
*ATMOSPHERE
*LITOSPHERE
*BIOSPHERE
*HYDROSPHERE
• The atmosphere is the thin gaseous layer that
envelopes the lithosphere
• The present atmosphere is composed of 78%
nitrogen, 21% oxygen 0.9% argon and trace
amount of other gases.
• One of the most important processes by which
the heat on the Earth’s surface is distributed
through atmospheric circulation.
• There is also a constant exchange of heat and
moisture between the atmosphere and
hydrosphere through the hydrologic cycle.
ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION
• Warm air converges and rises to form low
pressure zones.
• Low pressure areas are associated with
increased precipitation.
• By contrast, cold air descends to form high-
pressure regions(dry regions)
HYDROLOGIC CYCLE
• Through the process f weathering and erosion,
the HC is another important process
contributing to the shaping and reshaping of
the surface of the earth.
• This is an important link among the
hydrosphere, atmosphere and lithosphere.
 The lithosphere includes the rocks of the
crust and mantle, the metallic, liquid outer
core, and the solid metallic outer core.
• THE BIOSPHERE IS A SET OF ALL LIFE FORMS ON EARTH
• IT COVERS ALL ECOSYSTEMS-FROM THE SOIL TO THE
RAINFOREST, FROM MANGROOVES TO CORAL REEFS,
AND FROM PLANKTON-RICH OCEAN SURFACE TO THE
DEEP SEA.
• FOR THE MAJORITY OF LIFE ON EARTH, THE BASE ON
THE FOOD CHAIN COMPRISES PHOTOSYNTHETIC
ORGANISMS. DURING PHOTOSYNTHESIS, CO2 IS
SEQUESTEREDC FROM THE ATMOSPHERE, WHILE
OXYGEN ID RELEASED A BYPRODUCT. THIS BIOSPHERE
IS A CO2 SINK, AND THEREFORE , AN IMPORTANT PART
OF CARBON CYCLE.
• SUNLIGHT IS NOT NECESSARY FOR LIFE.
CARBON CYCLE
• Is the process by which C is transferred among
the atmosphere, ocean soil, and living
organisms.
SUNLIGHT IS NOT NECCESSARY
• Isolated and complex ecosystems thrive in the
deep sea floor at depths beyond the reach of
sunlight.
• The base of the food chain for such ecosystems is
called “CHEMOSYNTHETIC organisms.
• Instead of sunlight, they use energy from
HYDROTHERMAL VENTS or METHANE
SEEPS(methane seeping through rocks and
sediments)to produce simple sugars.
• ABOUT 70% OF THE EARTH IS COVERED WITH LIQUID
WATER(HYDROSPHERE) AND MUCH OF IT IS IN THE FORM OF
OCEAN WATER.
• ONLY 3% OF EARTH’S WATER IS FRESH: TWO-THIRDS ARE IN THE
FORM OF ICE, AND THE REMAINING ONE-THIRD IS PRESENT IN
STREAMS, LAKES, AND GROUNDWATER.
• THE OCEANS ARE IMPORTANT SINKS FOR CO2 TROUGH DIRECT
EXCHANGE WITH THE ATMOSPHERE and indirectly through the
weathering of rocks.
• Heat is absorbed and redistributed on the surface of the earth
through ocean circulation.

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