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Technical Lecture - EMI

This document summarizes a seminar report on electrical electromagnetic interference (EMI). It provides examples of EMI sources like wireless devices, solar activity, and switching circuits. It then discusses prevention techniques such as EMI filters, electromagnetic shielding, and mitigation software. Finally, it outlines EMI testing and regulations from organizations like the FCC and CISPR that establish product emission standards.

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Edul Brian
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
163 views

Technical Lecture - EMI

This document summarizes a seminar report on electrical electromagnetic interference (EMI). It provides examples of EMI sources like wireless devices, solar activity, and switching circuits. It then discusses prevention techniques such as EMI filters, electromagnetic shielding, and mitigation software. Finally, it outlines EMI testing and regulations from organizations like the FCC and CISPR that establish product emission standards.

Uploaded by

Edul Brian
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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A

SEMINAR REPORT ON
ELECTRICAL ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE
(EMI)
BY
NKUPURUK, IMOH NSINI
TO THE
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ELECTRONIC
ENGINEERING
(POWER & MACHINE)
OVERVIEW
 Introduction
 Examples
 Wireless Devices
 Natural Interferences
 Switching Circuits
 Radio Frequency
 Electromagnetic warfare
 Prevention and Mitigations Techniques
 Standards and Regulations
 Summary
BACKGROUND

 What is EMI?

 Electromagnetic Interference is disturbance that affects an electrical


circuit
 Caused by induction or outside radiation
 Can temporary and permanently disrupt circuit components
 Big design issue for new products
HOW DOES EMI WORK?

 Causes
 Electric fields radiating from currents
 Switching circuits, clocks, natural fields, ect.
 Coupling of electric fields into circuits and components
 Unintentional and intentional

 Effects
 Causes problems for electronics
 Loss and disruption of data
 Growing problem with more advanced devices
EXAMPLES OF EMI
SOLAR INTERFERENCE
 2012 Solar Maximum
 11 year solar cycles
 Flight routes over north pole changed

 Solar Storm of 1859


 March 1989 Solar Storm
 X-class solar flare
 Power outage in Quebec
 Communications with some satellites disrupted for hours

 Other potential issues


 Spacecraft communication
 Induced currents on underground piping
 HF radio interference
INTERFERENCE AT 2.4 GHZ
 Why use 2.4GHz?  Devices and protocols
 Part of the ISM Band that operate in this band
 No license needed to design  Cordless telephones
devices in this range  Baby monitors
 FCC originally designated  Bluetooth
2.4-2.483 GHz band for
 Wi-Fi 802.11b and 802.11g
microwave ovens
wireless devices (most
routers)
 Wireless cameras and
controllers
CELLULAR DEVICE INTERFERENCE
 Airplanes
 No proven scientific basis for banning cell phone use on airplanes
 FAA, FCC, and aircraft OEMs are unwilling to spend money to do
testing
 Ban on cell phone use errs on the side of caution

 Medical Equipment
 2007 Mayo Clinic study showed that phones have no negative effect
on medical equipment
 FDA has developed standards for pacemaker OEMs to ensure safety
POWER CONVERTERS

 Capacitive, Inductive, and Resistive loads

 Caused by sudden load changes

 Found in many household items


 Computers, phone chargers, TVs, etc.

 Minimal or no EMI effect created


ELECTROMAGNETIC PULSE

 Intense surge of electromagnetic radiation


 Created using high-energy explosion (i.e. nuclear)

 Gamma rays trap high-energy electrons in earth’s magnetic


field
 Destroys all power electronics connected to affected
power grid
RADIO FREQUENCY INTERFERENCE

 Two way transmitters, radio


stations, amateur radio
broadcast
 Interrupted signal before
reaching receiver
 Results in signal masking and
distortion
PREVENTION AND MITIGATION
EMI FILTERS AND CHOKES
 Coil of wire wound around magnetic core
 Blocks high-frequency AC in a circuit
 Passive inductor
 Impedance is proportional to frequency
 Simple and inexpensive
 Energy
 Reflected back up the cable
 Absorbed resistively within ferrite core (heat)

 Audio vs. Radio


ELECTROMAGNETIC SHIELDING
Shields Examples
 Enclosure formed by  Cables
conducting material  MRI scan room
 Isolates electrical devices and  Microwave oven
blocks external electric fields
 Electronic devices
 Often known as Faraday Cage
(invented in 1836)
 Amount of reduction depends
 Material and its thickness
 Size of shielded volume
 Frequency of fields
MITIGATION SOFTWARE AND
TECHNIQUES
 EMI Analyst is a tool used for meeting EMI requirements set
by regulatory agencies
 Combines all four areas of EMI analysis
 Conducted Emissions
 Radiated Emissions
 Conducted Susceptibility
 Radiated Susceptibility

 Money Saving Tool


 Reduction of circuit design area
FINAL EMISSIONS SCREENSHOT
STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS
EMI TESTING PROCEDURE
REGULATION COMMITTEES
FCC CISPR
 Federal Communications  The International Special
Commission Committee on Radio Frequency
 United States Interference
 Modems, Printers, and other  International
I/O devices  House hold appliances, Ignition
systems, fluorescent lamps
CLASSES OF REGULATIONS

Class A Class B
“A computing device that is “A computing device that is
marketed for use in a commercial, marketed for use in a residential
industrial, or business environment notwithstanding use
environment; exclusive of a device in a commercial, business, and
which is marketed for use by the environmental environments.”
general public, or which is
intended to be used in the home.”
FCC AND CISPR CLASS A
FCC AND CISPR CLASS B
OTHER TYPES OF STANDARDS

MIL-STD-416D CE - Conformité Européenne


 Department of Defense  European Conformity
 Even harder-to-meet standards  Identifies that a product or
than FCC and CISPR machine is compliant with all
 Dependent on reliability of safety requirements
electronic and communication  Requirement not a voluntary
equipment process
CONCLUSION

Introduction and Background


Examples of Electromagnetic Interference
Prevention and Mitigation Techniques
Laws and Regulations
Questions?

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