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Isolation Level

The document discusses database isolation levels and how they prevent inconsistencies by controlling concurrent transaction access and visibility. Isolation levels range from read uncommitted, which allows dirty reads and non-repeatable reads, to serializable, which prevents all inconsistencies but has the highest locking overhead.

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Sushma Reddy V
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170 views

Isolation Level

The document discusses database isolation levels and how they prevent inconsistencies by controlling concurrent transaction access and visibility. Isolation levels range from read uncommitted, which allows dirty reads and non-repeatable reads, to serializable, which prevents all inconsistencies but has the highest locking overhead.

Uploaded by

Sushma Reddy V
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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 Isolation

 Data Consistency
 What Does Isolation Level Do
 Prevention of Errors using Isolation
 Types of Isolation Level
 Isolation is one of the ACID Properties.
A - Atomicity
C - Consistency
I - Isolation
D – Durability

 It defines how and when the change in data is made by


one transaction will become visible concurrent
transactions.
 Data Consistency is the term which is used to describe
the accuracy of the Data.

Factors Causing Data Inconsistency:


 Data is accessed/updated by multiple users at the same
time
 Transition fails to perform all necessary actions due to
a crash
 Isolation Levels let the Database Programmers to
develop applications such that it allow multi-user
access to the database.

 Isolation levels come into play when you need to


isolate a resource for a transaction and protect that
resource from other transactions
 Lost Updates:
This situation occurs when two transactions
attempt to update the same data

 Transaction A reads row 1.


 Transaction B reads row 1.
 Transaction A updates row 1.
 Transaction B updates row 1, overlaying changes
applied by Transaction A.
 Dirty Reads
This situation occurs when transactions read data
that has not been committed.

 Transaction A inserts row 1 without committing.


 Transaction B reads row 1.
 Transaction A rolls back row 1.
 Transaction B now has a row that physically does
not exist.
 Nonrepeatable Reads
This situation occurs when a transaction reads the
same query multiple times and results are not the
same each time.

 Transaction A reads a row of data.


 Transaction B modifies this row and commits.
 Transaction A re-reads the same row and sets back
different data values.
 Phantoms
This situation occurs when a row of data matches
the first time but does not match subsequent times.

 Transaction A reads two rows based on a Query A


where clause.
 Transaction B inserts a new row that happens to
fall under Transaction A Query A's where clause.
 Transaction A runs Query A again and now gets
back three rows.
 Read Uncommitted Isolation Level
 Read Committed Isolation Level
 Repeatable Read Isolation Level
 Serializable Isolation Level
 Snapshot Isolation Level
 Readers read uncommitted data.

 Read operations do not acquire share locks.

 Read operations disregard shared locks


acquired by other connections.

 Non-repeatable reads, dirty reads and phantoms


are possible.
 Readers can only read data that has been
committed.

 Read operations acquire share locks.

 Share locks acquired by other processes are


honored.

 Non-repeatable reads, dirty reads and phantoms


are possible.
 Does not allow a non-repeatable read.

 Phantoms are possible .

 It holds the share lock until the entire


transaction is completed
 This is the highest Isolation Level and it avoids all
the concurrency related problems.
 The behavior of this level is just like the
Repeatable Read with one additional feature.
 It obtains key range locks based on the filters that
have been used.
 It locks not only current records that stratify the
filter but new records fall into same filter.
 The Snapshot Isolation Level works with Row
Versioning technology.
 Whenever the transaction requires a modification
for a record, SQL Server first stores the
consistence version of the record in the Tempdb.
 If another transaction that runs under Snapshot
Isolation Level requires the same record, it can be
taken from the version store.
 This Isolation Level prevents all concurrency
related problems just like Serializable Isolation
Level.
 In addition to that it allows multiple updates for
same resource by different transactions
concurrently.
 Since there is a performance impact with Snapshot
Isolation Level it has been turned off by default.

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