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Static Kramer System

The static Kramer drive allows operation at sub-synchronous speeds by converting the slip power in the rotor circuit into AC line power using an inverter and returning it to the line. At zero speed, the motor acts as a transformer and transfers all real power back to the line. The power factor is lowest at synchronous speed and increases with slip. Speed is controlled by varying the firing angle of the inverter, which changes the average output voltage of the diode bridge connected to the slip rings. The torque-speed characteristics can be determined based on the relationships between rotor slip, stator voltage, rotor voltage, and firing angle.

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341 views

Static Kramer System

The static Kramer drive allows operation at sub-synchronous speeds by converting the slip power in the rotor circuit into AC line power using an inverter and returning it to the line. At zero speed, the motor acts as a transformer and transfers all real power back to the line. The power factor is lowest at synchronous speed and increases with slip. Speed is controlled by varying the firing angle of the inverter, which changes the average output voltage of the diode bridge connected to the slip rings. The torque-speed characteristics can be determined based on the relationships between rotor slip, stator voltage, rotor voltage, and firing angle.

Uploaded by

raj_selvaraj10
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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STATIC KRAMER SYSTEM

Slip power recovery

 Instead of wasting the slip power in the rotor circuit resistance, a better
approach is to convert it to ac line power and return it back to the line. Two
types of converter provide this approach:

1) Static Kramer Drive - only allows


operation at sub-synchronous speed.
2) Static Scherbius Drive - allows
operation above and below
synchronous speed
Static kramer system
At zero speed (s=1) the motor acts as a transformer and all the real
power is transferred back to the line (neglecting losses). The motor and
inverter only consume reactive power.

At synchronous speed (s=0) the power factor is the lowest and increases
as slip increases. The PF can be improved close to synchronous speed
by using a step-down transformer. The inverter line current is reduced
by the transformer turns ratio -> reduced PF.
SPEED CONTROL

 The average o/p voltage of the diode bridge connected to the slip rings is
given by
3 2𝐸2 𝑠
 𝑉𝐶 =
𝜋

 𝑉𝐶 =1.35 𝐸2 s
 𝐸2 = RMS line voltage on the rotor side
 S=slip

 Inverter mode:
3 2𝐸𝑙 𝑠
 𝑉𝑖𝑛 = cos 𝛼 𝐸2 = RMS line voltage of ac supply
𝜋

 𝑉𝑖𝑛 =1.35 𝐸𝑙 cos 𝛼 𝛼=firing angle of the inverter


 𝑉𝐶 = −𝑉𝑖𝑛
1.35 𝐸2 s = - 1.35 𝐸𝑙 cos 𝛼
𝐸
 𝑠 = − 𝐸 𝑙 cos 𝛼
2
𝑁1
 𝑠= − cos 𝛼
𝑁2
𝑁1
 Where is the turns ratio of the stator to rotor winding which is fixed
𝑁2
SPEED CONTROL WITH LOAD
 Neglecting all losses in the diode and SCR bridges
Rotor slip power=DC link power
𝑠𝑃𝑅 = 𝑉𝐶 𝐼𝐶
𝑠𝜔𝑠 𝑇 = 𝑉𝐶 𝐼𝐶

𝑉𝐶 𝐼𝐶
𝑇=
𝑠𝜔𝑠
𝑁1
𝑉𝐶 = 𝑉𝑖𝑛 = 1.35 𝐸𝑙 cos 𝛼 & 𝑠= − cos 𝛼
𝑁2

1.35𝐸𝑙 𝐼𝐶
𝑇=
𝑁1
𝜔
𝑁2 𝑠
Torque speed characteristics of static
Kramer system

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