CC 302

HIGHWAY
ENGINEERING

PN. TUAN NOOR RAFIDAH BT TUAN

HASSAN

JABATAN KEJURUTERAAN AWAM

PSIS
Course Learning Outcome
CLO 1
Explain clearly the principles of highway
construction & maintenance.

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1.1 INTRODUCTION

Definition- Highway Eng. is an engineering

discipline branching from civil engineering
which involves the design, construction
and maintenance of Highway System.

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1.2 PROFESSION
Profession that involved in transportation
construction of road and highway:
Surveyor
Road and highway engineer
Traffic engineer
Geologist
Structural engineer

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1.3 HISTORY of DEVELOPMENT of
ROADS

Early Road (Laterite Road)

Roman Road
After Roman Road
Pierre Tresaguet
John Metcalf
Thomas Telford
John Macadam

Modern Road
Flexible Pavement
Rigid Pavement
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a) Early Road (Laterite Road)

After invention of wheel, animal drawn

bullock carts continued to be the popular
mode of transport for quiet a long time.
The first hard surface was discovered in
Mesopotamia at about 3500 B.C.

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Cross Section of Roman Road

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b) Roman Road
Romans developed very elaborate
systems of roads mainly for the purpose
of military movement.
The main characteristics of Roman roads
were as follows:
They were very thick 1.22 metres thick.
They were straight.
Usually made for military purposes.
Roads were not built on soft soil formations but on
hard stratum reached after excavation.
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c) After Roman Roads
Pierre Tresaguet
John Metcalf
Thomas Telford
John Macadam

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Cross Section of Pierre Tresaguet

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Pierre Tresaguet
The main characteristics of Tresaguets
design were:
Improved the drainage by the formation
convex.
Thickness of road was about 30 cm.
Wearing surface are camber.
He also emphasised the need for continuous
maintenance of road to keep it in good
shape.

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Cross section of John Metcalf

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John Metcalf
The main characteristics of John Metcalfs
design were:
Drainage is important to maintain strength
of road.
The strength of road depend to the stability
of foundation layer. Used large stone at
foundation layer.

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Cross section of Thomas Telford

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Cross section of John Macadam

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d) Modern Road
There have two types:-
Flexible pavement
Rigid pavenment

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Flexible pavement
Flexible pavement structure are:
Road surface
Road base
Sub-base
Sub-grade

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 Rigid Pavement
Rigid pavement structure are:-
Cement concrete
Road base (optional)
Sub-base course (optional)
Sub-grade

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1.4 Category of Highway in Malaysia

a. Toll Highway
b. Federal Road
c. State Road
d. Council/City Road
e. Rural Road

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a. Toll Highway
is supervised by Malaysia Highway Authority (LLM).
Link/cities/towns/new developments in order to
increase mobility & reduce congestion on federal
highway
For through traffic with full access control
Involve grade-separated intersection
Each carriageway consists of two to three traveling
lanes and an emergency lane
Provide facilities such as rest & relax areas, shelters for
motorcyclists, emergency phone service, etc.
e.g: PLUS, NKVE, ELITE, SPRINT, KESAS
 b. Federal Road
Roads that are gazetted under the Federal Road
Ordinance
Roads linking state capitals, airports, railway stations
and ports
Also includes roads within FELDA land schemes and
those in other regional land schemes constructed
with federal funds
Maintenance of these roads is responsibility of the
federal government
Maintenance is carried out through the state JKR
and funded by the federal government
c. State Road
is to join towns, cities and districts in a state.
Financial allocation is obtained from the State
Government or Federal Government.
Construction and maintenance is the
responsibility of the State Public work
Department (JKR).
d. Council/city Road
is within the jurisdiction of local
authority.
Constructed and maintained by the local
authority.
Financial allocation to construct this road
is obtained from local authority and
subsidized by the Federal Government.
e. Rural road
This road is constructed and maintained
by the District Office.
Financial allocation is obtained from the
State Government.
Usually unpaved roads with no right of
way
The organisation chart of transportation in Malaysia
1.5 Agencies that involved in highway
construction

a) Road & Highway Planning Unit

b) Public Work Department (JKR)
c) Highway Council Malaysia
d) Town/City/District/Local Council
 a) Road & Highway Planning Unit
Conducts traffic engineering studies such as traffic volume, origin-
destination, traffic growth rate, vehicle speed, accident-prone areas, etc.
Among the function of the HPU are:
Data collection of travel characteristics and traffic operations
Incorporating highway planning and land use planning
Establishing the needs of the highway sector for long-term/short-
term programs
Studying the feasibilities of highway projects
Studying the causes of accidents, identifying areas prone to
accidents and coming up with steps to reduce/prevent accidents.

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 b) Public Works Department (JKR)
JKR was established more than 90 years under the Public
Works Ministry of Malaysia.
Main service is to act as a technical advisor to the
government in project management, technical consulting
services and maintenance management services.

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c) Highway Council Malaysia
Malaysia Highway Authority was established by the
Parliament Act 231 (1980).
MHA is responsible to implement planning,
construction, supervision and monitoring all projects
related to the highway.

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d) City/Town/District/Local Council

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Summary of the Functions of Government Agencies
in Road & Transport Administration
1. Which one of the professions below is not
involved in construction of road and highway?
A. Geologist
B. Traffic enginer
C. Chemical engineer
D. Structural engineer
2. In the roman era, road is used as a .........
A. Military purpose

B. Trade route

C. Farming route

D. Administration route
3. using a broken stone layer of few centimeter
thickness can sustain much heavier load than a
thick layer of bif size stones
The statement above explain the road construction
concept of
A. Telforfd
B. Pierre
C. Macadam
D. Rom
THANK YOU