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2002 Doble Conference FRA Introduction Doble Client Conferen

The document discusses using frequency response analysis (FRA) as a tool to examine transformers non-invasively. It notes that FRA has a long history and can provide insights by measuring the electrical characteristics of transformers over a range of frequencies. While simple to perform, careful interpretation of FRA results is needed, as variations could have different implications depending on factors like consistency over time or between similar transformers. Visual, audio, and electrical tests each provide different information, and using multiple techniques can support diagnostic decisions.

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Neelakandan Masilamani
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84 views23 pages

2002 Doble Conference FRA Introduction Doble Client Conferen

The document discusses using frequency response analysis (FRA) as a tool to examine transformers non-invasively. It notes that FRA has a long history and can provide insights by measuring the electrical characteristics of transformers over a range of frequencies. While simple to perform, careful interpretation of FRA results is needed, as variations could have different implications depending on factors like consistency over time or between similar transformers. Visual, audio, and electrical tests each provide different information, and using multiple techniques can support diagnostic decisions.

Uploaded by

Neelakandan Masilamani
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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FRA Background

Tony McGrail, Alan Wilson

Doble Client Conference

Boston, Massachusetts
April 2002

FRA Intro Slide 1


Transformer as a Black Box - BBB

Expensive

Critical

Feisty

FRA Intro Slide 2


Transformer as a Black Box - BBB

FRA Intro Slide 3


Transformer as a Black Box - BBB

Window

FRA Intro Slide 4


Transformer as a Black Box - BBB

Window

Windings
FRA Intro Slide 5
Transformer as a Black Box - BBB

Window This one moved...

FRA Intro Slide 6


Most transformers dont have windows in
them...

FRA Intro Slide 7


Why look inside?

Health

Clues

Relocation

FRA Intro Slide 8


How to look in?
Electrical tests
DGA
Physical entry
Cameras
rfi
AE
historical data
etc...

FRA Intro Slide 9


Depends on what youre looking for...

Several tools in the tool box

Pick the right tool for the job

know how to use it

FRA Intro Slide 10


Test Focus?

What is a particular test sensitive to?

What will affect the results?

No magic bullets

Change in results has what implications?

FRA Intro Slide 11


Winding movement?

Look for it
listen for it
electrical tests

really want two independent tests to support


decisions

FRA Intro Slide 12


Visual - look for it:

Unpleasant environment

difficult

can be very expensive

may not see much

FRA Intro Slide 13


Audio - listen for it:

Can be done external to transformer

results are still at research level

results are not conclusive

better for PD

FRA Intro Slide 14


Electrical tests:

R,C,L

Frequency dependence

Infer things about construction, geometry, materials

FRA Intro Slide 15


FRA

Swept frequency has a long heritage

simple direct measurement

why make it difficult?

FRA Intro Slide 16


FRA Examples

Consistency of results over time

Consistency between sister units

Small variation could have a large impact

Large variation may be inconsequential

FRA Intro Slide 17


FRA Examples - three phases of an auto

FRA Intro Slide 18


FRA Examples - variation with time

FRA Intro Slide 19


FRA Examples - shorted turn

FRA Intro Slide 20


FRA Examples - different but OK

3 Phases HV Tap 10

0
-10
-20
-30
Amplitude in dB

-40
-50
-60
-70
-80
-90
-100
0 50 100 150 200

Frequency in kHz
N to A N to B N to C

FRA Intro Slide 21


FRA - Generally
Simple test

Results need interpretation

Simple algorithms may be very misleading

FMMAA approach at Doble is a good technique

FMMAA reflects key elements which may cause


variation
FRA Intro Slide 22
FRA - Conclusions

FRA is a useful tool

Use it with the benefit of experience

Use appropriately

Benefit from this simple test

FRA Intro Slide 23

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