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Elements of Aeronautics Notes

The document discusses the key parts of airplanes and methods of classifying them. It outlines the primary components of an airplane as the wings, fuselage, empennage, landing gears, control surfaces, and engines. Airplanes can be classified based on their wing configuration (position, number, shape), landing gear type and location, power plant type and number, fuselage shape, and purpose of use (civilian, cargo, military). Control of the airplane is achieved through movement around its three axes using control surfaces such as ailerons, elevators, and rudders.

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Anu A
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2K views

Elements of Aeronautics Notes

The document discusses the key parts of airplanes and methods of classifying them. It outlines the primary components of an airplane as the wings, fuselage, empennage, landing gears, control surfaces, and engines. Airplanes can be classified based on their wing configuration (position, number, shape), landing gear type and location, power plant type and number, fuselage shape, and purpose of use (civilian, cargo, military). Control of the airplane is achieved through movement around its three axes using control surfaces such as ailerons, elevators, and rudders.

Uploaded by

Anu A
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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THE IMPORTANT PARTS OF AN AROPLANE

WINGS
FUSELAGE
EMPENNAGE
LANDING GEARS
CONTROL SURFACE
ENGINES
1. CLASSIFICATION BY CONFIGURATION

POSITION OF THE WING


LOW WING
MID WING
HIGH WING
NUMBER OF WINGS
MONO PLANE
BI PLANE
TRI PLANE
SHAPE OF THE WINGS
DELTA WING
DIAMOND WING
SWEPT WING
GULL SHAPED WING
POSITION OF THE WINGS
CONVENTIONAL WING
NO TAIL OR TAILESS
HORIZONTAL TAIL LOCATED AOVE THE VERTICAL TAIL
CANARD TYPE
AIRCRAFT : CLASSIFICATION AND PARTS

2. LOCATION AND TYPE OF LANDING GEAR


RETRACTABLE
NON RETRACTABLE
TAIL WHEEL
NOSE WHEEL
AIRCRAFT : CLASSIFICATION AND PARTS
3. CLASSIFICATION BY POWER PLANTS
A. POWER PLANT TYPES
PISTON ENGINE
TURBO PROP
TURBO SHAFT
TURBO JET
TURBO FAN
ROCKET
B. NUMBER OF ENGINES
SINGLE ENGINE
TWO ENGINE
MULTI ENGINE
C. LOCATION OF THE ENGINES
NOSE
FUSELAGE
JET ENGINE SUBMERGED IN WING
PYLON MOUNTING
AIRCRAFT : CLASSIFICATION AND PARTS

4. TYPES OF FUSELAGE
ROUND
SQUARE
OVAL
AIRCRAFT : CLASSIFICATION AND PARTS

5. CLASSIFICATION BY PURPOSE
A. CIVIL
B. CARGO
C. MILITARY
I. BOMBERS
II. FIGHTERS
III. INTERCEPTORS
PRIMARY GROUP
AILERON
ELEVATOR
RUDDER
SECONDARY GROUP
TRIM TAB
SPRING TAB
AUXILIARY GROUP
WING FLAPS
SPOILERS
SPEED BRAKES
LEADING EDGE FLAP
SLOTS
LONGITUDINAL AXIS
LATERAL AXIS
LATERAL AXIS
Longitudinal axis extends lengthwise from the nose through
the tail. Movement about the longitudinal axis is called
roll. Roll is controlled by the ailerons.
ELEVATOR
Lateral axis extends crosswise from wingtip through wingtip.
Movement about the lateral axis is called pitch. Pitch is
controlled by the elevator.
RUDDER
Vertical axis passes vertically through the center of gravity
(when the aircraft is in level flight). Movement about the
vertical axis is called yaw. Yaw is controlled by the rudder.
DIFFERENT TYPES OF AIRCRAFT ENGINES ARE

PROPELLER WITH PISTON ENGINE


JET ENGINE
TURBOPROP
TURBOFAN
TURBOJET
RAMJET
ROCKET ENGINE
LIQUID FUEL

SOLID FUEL
AN AIRFOIL IS A SURFACE DESIGNED TO OBTAIN A
DESIRABLE REACTION FROM THE AIR THROUGH
WHICH IT MOVES
AIRFOIL GEOMETRY

CHORD LINE
MEAN CAMBER LINE
ANGLE OF ATTACK
ANGLE OF INCIDENCE
DRAG IS THE RESOLVED COMPONENT OF
THE COMPLETE AERODYNAMIC FORCE
WHICH IS PARALLEL TO THE FLIGHT
DIRECTION (OR RELATIVE ONCOMING
AIRFLOW).
IT MUST ALWAYS ACT TO OPPOSE THE
DIRECTION OF MOTION.
IT IS THE UNDESIRABLE COMPONENT OF THE
AERODYNAMIC FORCE WHILE LIFT IS THE
DESIRABLE COMPONENT
Weather conditions vary around the
globe, from day to day.
Taking all these variations into design is
impractical.
A standard atmosphere is therefore
defined, that relates fight tests, wind
tunnel tests and general airplane
design to a common reference.
This common reference is called a
standard atmosphere.
AIRCRAFT CONSTRUCTION
TRUSS
MONOCOQUE
SEMI MONOCOQUE
THANK YOU

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