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Lessons

MIcrosoft office Excel 2

 Starting Excel 2000
 In the following exercises you will learn some of the necessary
steps to create a spreadsheet using Microsoft Excel 2000 for
Windows 97, 98 and 2000. You will learn not only how to type
various items into the spreadsheet, but also how to copy
columns, widen columns, fill columns, add, subtract, multiply,
divide, and a variety of other things.
 
 To begin, load the spreadsheet by clicking twice on the Excel
2000 Windows Icon in the Windows Screen. If you do not see
an Excel Icon, click-on the Start Button in the lower left
corner of the screen, move the cursor up to Programs, and then
move to Microsoft Excel and click-on it.

MIcrosoft office Excel 3

 Starting Excel 2000
 A spreadsheet is a “number manipulator.” To make the
manipulation of numbers easier all spreadsheets are
organized into rows and columns. Your initial spreadsheet
will look something like the following:

MIcrosoft office Excel 4

 Starting Excel 2000
 Notice that the “main” part of the spreadsheet is composed of Rows
(Labeled 1, 2, 3, 4, etc.) and Columns (Labeled A, B, C, D, etc.).
There are a lot of rows and columns in a spreadsheet. The
“intersection” of each row and column is called a cell. In the image
above the cursor is on the “home” cell – A1. Notice Row 1 and
Column A are “bold.” This indicates what is called the “address of
the cell. Notice right above cell A1, that A1 is displayed in a small
box called the Name Box. Whenever you “click” on a cell the address
of that cell will be shown in the Name Box.
 In this tutorial, whenever we indicate that you need to click the mouse,
it will mean to click the left mouse button – unless we indicate that
you should click the right mouse button. So, always “click left”
unless we tell you otherwise.

MIcrosoft office Excel 5

 Moving Around the Spreadsheet
 You can move around the spreadsheet/cells by clicking your mouse on
various cells, or by using the up, down, right and left arrow movement
keys on the keyboard. Or, you can move up and down by using the
“elevator” bars on the right and bottom of the spreadsheet. Go ahead and
move around the spreadsheet. Hold down the down arrow key on the
keyboard for a few seconds – then click-on a cell. Notice how the Name
Box always tells you “where you are.” Now hold down the right arrow key
on the keyboard for a few more seconds. Notice how the alphabet changes
from single letters (A, B, C,. …. Z) to several letter combinations (AA, AB,
AC). There are hundreds of columns and thousands of rows in a
spreadsheet. Anytime you desire to return to the Home Cell (A1) simply
click-in the Name Box and type-in A1. Then tap the Enter key and you will
go to cell A1. You can go to any cell by this method. Simply type-in a row
and column, tap the Enter key, and you’ll go to that cell.

MIcrosoft office Excel 6

 Moving Around the Spreadsheet
 Now that you have the “feel” of how to move around
Excel spreadsheet, go to the cells as indicated below and
type-in the following:
 Cl (Your Name)'s Budget. It should look similar
to the image below. Do not tap Enter when you finish

MIcrosoft office Excel 7

 Moving Around the Spreadsheet
 Look at cells C1 and D1. Notice how your entry has
spilled over from C1 into D1. Sometimes this is a
problem, and sometimes it is not. Now move to D1 and
type-in the word BONZO and tap Enter.

MIcrosoft office Excel 8

 Moving Around the Spreadsheet
 Notice how Bonzo now COVERS the right part of your
original entry!! Now move back to cell C1 and click-on it.
Look at the upper part of the spreadsheet just above the cells
where you typed. Your name and the word budget are still there.
Bonzo only COVERED the portion in cell D1. See the image
and arrow below.

MIcrosoft office Excel 9

 Moving Around the Spreadsheet
 There are several ways to take care of this. For the
moment move back to cell D1 and click-on cell D1. Tap
the Delete key above the arrow movement keys on the
keyboard. Notice that Bonzo disappears and your entire
entry reappears. This is one way to expose the entry.
We'll look at some others as we go along.

Now we'll continue making some entries. Move to the
following cells and type-in the information indicated.

MIcrosoft office Excel 10

 Moving Around the Spreadsheet
 If you happen to make a mistake simply retype the
entries. Later on we'll see how to edit mistakes. Any time
you want to replace something in a cell you can simply
retype a new entry and it will replace the old one.

MIcrosoft office Excel 11

 Moving Around the Spreadsheet

At this point you probably have noticed, the

words "Investments" and "Miscellaneous"
run over the spaces given in the blocks. Do
not be concerned at this point. We’ll soon
fix this.

MIcrosoft office Excel 12

 Moving Around the Spreadsheet

MIcrosoft office Excel 13

 Moving Around the Spreadsheet

MIcrosoft office Excel 14

 Moving Around the Spreadsheet
 When the screen below
appears, select Border.
 Look at the Line Style box in the
lower right. There are several
types of lines that you can
choose. Point to the thick single
line in the Styles Area (see
arrow) and click the left mouse
button. A box will go around the
line. Look at the area which says
Border. Point to the upper part
of the Text line box (see arrow)
and click the left mouse button. A
thick black line will appear at
the top of the Text box.
MIcrosoft office Excel 15
 Moving Around the Spreadsheet
 If the thick line does not show-up at the top of the Text box,
click-again at the “top line area in the Text box” and the
line will “disappear”. Then click-on the thick, single line in
the Line Style box again and repeat the previous
instructions. If, somehow, you make a mistake, simply
click “on and off in the Text line boxes.” You will notice
that the lines appear and disappear. This is called a
“toggle” in computer jargon. So, work at this until you get
the line on the top or where you want it. We have just
indicated that we want a single thick underline at the top of
the cell C7. Point to OK and click the left mouse button.

MIcrosoft office Excel 16

 Moving Around the Spreadsheet
 When you return to the spreadsheet click somewhere other
than cell C7. This is called “clicking away.” You should now
see a line at the top of cell C7. Sometimes the box highlight
hides the lines. If you “messed-up”, try again.
  
 Now type in the numbers in the cells indicated.

 C11 30
 C12 50
 C13 150
 C14 70

 Now, underline the top of cell C15 like you did cell C7.
MIcrosoft office Excel 17
 WIDENING COLUMNS
 You probably noticed, as you typed in the numbers, some of the
words were just too wide for the default cell width
(Investments and Miscellaneous - just like Bonzo). Let's widen
column B to take care of this.

 Slowly move the mouse arrow to the right edge of the B cell
(between the B and the C). It will turn into an arrow pointing
right and left with a small vertical line in the middle. Hold

MIcrosoft office Excel 18

 WIDENING COLUMNS

 As soon as you start to drag a dotted vertical line will go

down the spreadsheet and move as you hold down the left
button and drag the mouse. Keep dragging to the right until
you are past the widest word and a bit more (for some space).
Release the button. The column is widened. Notice in the upper
left corner of the screen, below File in the menu bar, and above
the buttons, that as you hold down and drag that it tells you that
current width of the column.


MIcrosoft office Excel 19

 WIDENING COLUMNS
 This is one way to widen a
column. Here is another way.
Point to the B at the top of
column B (in the Gray area)
and click the left mouse button
(The cell should turn black and
the column turn blue.).

MIcrosoft office Excel 20

 WIDENING COLUMNS

 Now, keeping the cursor

somewhere in the “blue”
area, click the Right
Mouse Button. Notice
that a menu with Column
Width… appears. Click-
on Column Width… and
type in 15. This is another
way to widen a column.
  

MIcrosoft office Excel 21

 INSERTING ROWS
 Oops... a mistake (on purpose). We haven't left enough room
at the top of the spreadsheet to insert some budget months.
So... move the cursor to the gray 2 along the left edge (this is
the second row) so we can insert two new rows. Click the left
mouse button. You will notice that the whole row goes blue
and the 2 turns black. Make sure the cursor arrow is either
on the 2 or somewhere in the blue row.

MIcrosoft office Excel 22

 INSERTING ROWS
 Click the right mouse
button. A drop down menu
will appear. Point to Insert.
Click the left button on
Insert. Notice how one row
was inserted and how
everything below moved
down. Do this again to
insert another row. Excel,
and all spreadsheets, will
remember where they moved
your work and automatically
adjust for these changes.
Income should now be in
cell A5.

MIcrosoft office Excel 23

 ALIGNING CELLS
 Now we'll type some more. Go to

C3 SEPT (Type in and tap Enter)

 
 Notice again how SEPT is automatically left aligned.
Logically, since you are using Excel in the English version, the
text is left aligned so that all of the text lines up nicely in the
column cells. One way to do center SEPT is to simply click-on
the Center button in the button bar at the top of the screen.
Make sure that you are ON cell C3 when you click (see image
above right).

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 ALIGNING CELLS

 Another way to do this is

to center the word simply
click right on cell C3.
Then click on Format
Cells.

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 ALIGNING CELLS
 When the Format Cells
Menu appears, click-on the
– Alignment Tab and then
click-on -- Horizontal -
Center --Vertical - Center
-- OK. Try it.

 This is how you can align

words for neatness. You
can also point to several
cells you want aligned and
do this. We'll try that next.

MIcrosoft office Excel 26

 ALIGNING CELLS
 Now type in the cells indicated.
D3 OCT
E3 NOV
F3 DEC
G3 MONTHLY TOTALS (correct the width)
 Next we’ll highlight cells D3 through G3. To do this, point to D3 and click the Left
 Mouse button. Then, holding down the left mouse button, drag the mouse to the right
through G3 – when the cells are highlighted – take your finger off of the left mouse
button. Then point to the group of cells and click the right mouse button to bring up the
Format Cells menu. Click on Alignment and choose Center. Then point to OK and click
the left mouse button. All of the cells will then be as you desire. Finish off by clicking on
Center.

MIcrosoft office Excel 27

 ALIGNING CELLS
 MONTHLY TOTALS will not fit its space when you do
this. But, you know what to do. Move the cursor over the
line between cells G and H and drag the line to the right to
widen the G cell just like you did a few minutes ago.

MIcrosoft office Excel 28

 SAVING SPREADSHEETS
 We have done quite a bit of work so now is a good time to save.
Point to the File menu at the top of the spreadsheet. Point to Save
As. Click. A sub‑menu box appears like the one at the right.

 Notice in the upper left corner that there is a “box” to the right of
Save In: with a down pointing triangle to the right. Click-on the
triangle. This will show you all of the “drives” and “folders”
where you may save your work. Put a formatted 3 ½ diskette in
the A Drive, then click-on the 3 ½ Floppy (A): ; this is where you
will save your work.

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 SAVING SPREADSHEETS
 You will then see:

 To the right of File name: Delete the information, which is in the box, and
type in MYBUDGET. This is the name under which you are saving your
file. (In the future you will choose logical names for your spreadsheets as
you save them.) Now point to Save and click the left mouse button.
MIcrosoft office Excel 30
 SAVING SPREADSHEETS
 Anytime you need to leave your spreadsheet simply click
on File in the menu bar, then click-on Exit. If you have
not saved your spreadsheet, a reminder box will appear
asking you to do so.

MIcrosoft office Excel 31

 RETRIEVING SPREADSHEETS

 When you need to return

to a spreadsheet you first
load Excel, as you did
originally. When Excel is
on the screen, click-on
File in the menu bar then
click-on Open. The Open
Menu will appear.

MIcrosoft office Excel 32

 RETRIEVING SPREADSHEETS
 The following menu screen will appear:

MIcrosoft office Excel 33

 RETRIEVING SPREADSHEETS
 Click on the down triangle to the right of the Look in: box
(Similar to the triangle in the Save in: box). Click-on the 3 ½
Floppy (A:). Files saved on the disk will appear in the box
below. Click-on your file (MYBUDGET), then click-on OK.
Your file will be opened. You could also double-click quickly
on the file to open it.

 Also, if you have not done so already, move your cursor slowly
over the "buttons" located below the menu bar. You will
notice a little box that tells you what these buttons do. These
little boxes are called Text Help boxes. Many of them will save
you extra “clicks” by using them. Notice, that under File and
Edit in the Menu bar, there are a small folder (Open) and a
diskette (Save). Clicking-on them will take you directly to Open
and Save.

MIcrosoft office Excel 34

 ADDING NUMBERS
 Next we want to learn how to add numbers. There are
several ways to do this. Each method has its advantages
and disadvantages.

 To do this, begin by moving your cursor to cell C9, and

clicking-on it.

 Always move to the cell where you want the answer

 to be located.

MIcrosoft office Excel 35

 TYPE-IN METHOD
 We want to add the three numbers in cells C6, C7 and C8. To
use this method type-in the following in cell C9:
 

 = C6 + C7 + C8 Tap Enter
 The total of these cells will now appear in C9. When you have
completed typing you will see this formula in the area below the
menu bar.
 Go change the number in cell C6 to 500 (and tap Enter). See
how the total AUTOMATICALLY recalculates!!!
MIcrosoft office Excel 36
 THIS IS THE TRUE POWER OF
THE SPEADSHEET !!!
 Whenever a number is entered in a cell the entire spreadsheet will
automatically recalculate.

 Something happened here. Notice how you typed in an = before the

cell location. If you had simply typed in C6 + C7 + C8, Excel would
have thought this entry was a word and this entry would have shown
as you typed it.
 
 Try this if you want. Any time you “create” and error in Excel, you
can simply re-type or edit the formula to correct the error.

 The Type in Method is really easy if you have a few numbers and
can see their cell locations on the screen. If you have a lot of cells in
the formula, that are on several screens, this is not such a great
method.

MIcrosoft office Excel 37

 Subtraction, Multiplication, and
Division
 You can put in
( ‑ ) for subtraction,
( * ) for multiplication
( / ) for division

As you become more capable we'll, build some nifty formulas.

MIcrosoft office Excel 38

 Point Method
 Again move to cell C9 and click-on it. We'll now add the
numbers a second way.
 
 First, tap the = and POINT the cursor to cell C6 using the
arrow movement keys or mouse, now tap another + and move
cursor to C7, now tap another + and move the cursor to C8
(Notice how as you " + and point " the addition formula is
being built in cell C9), now tap Enter. The same formula is
built by this method.

 This method is good when you need to move to numbers that

are spread out all over the place. Some people like it best and
use it all the time ‑‑ it's your choice.

MIcrosoft office Excel 39

 Function Method
 Move again to cell C9. 

 Now type in the following: =SUM(

 
 [This tells Excel that we are going to sum some numbers
in a RANGE which will follow the =SUM(.]

MIcrosoft office Excel 40

 Function Method
 There are two ways to put in this range:
 
 Arrow Key and Anchor Method: With the arrow keys move the
cursor to cell C6. As you move you will notice that the cell where the
cursor is located appears after the =SUM(. When you get to C6 tap
the . (Period) Key. This is called an ANCHOR and holds one end of
the RANGE in place. You will notice that a C6:C6 appears. This is
a one cell range. Now move with the arrow keys to cell C8. See
how cells C6, C7 and C8 are highlighted. This indicates the Range
is C6:C8. Excel assumes, logically, that these are the numbers you
want to add. Now tap Enter. The numbers still add, but now the
formula reads =SUM(C6:C8) instead of =C6+C7+C8 like it did
before. 
 Mouse Method: Move again to cell C9. Type in =SUM( , as you
did before. Now point to Cell C6. Hold down the left mouse button
and drag the highlight down to cell C8. (Cells C6, C7 and C8 should
be highlighted.) Now tap Enter.

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 Function Method
 This =SUM Function is a great way to add a lot of
numbers, or a block of numbers. By simply anchoring,
and using page downs or using the mouse, you can
highlight lots and lots of numbers to add quickly.
However, since it only sums you can't do subtraction, etc.


Point to cell C9 again. Tap the Delete key to remove the
formula currently in cell C9.

MIcrosoft office Excel 42

 Paste Function
 There are a number of formulas built into Excel, like
Sum. These formulas are called Functions. Below the
Menu Bar (see right) you will see an " fx ". Click on it.

MIcrosoft office Excel 43

 Paste Function
 A Paste Function Screen like the one below will appear.
Read the information.

MIcrosoft office Excel 44

 Paste Function
 As you can see, there are all kinds of formulas (functions)
that come with Excel (e.g. Statistical, Mathematical,
Financial, etc.). We're going to use one of these to add the
numbers again. Click-on the word All in the window under
Function Category: On the right, under
 Function Name you will see a list of all the functions in
Excel. Click-on the down triangle until you come to
SUM, click-on it. Notice the small box with a ? in the
lower left corner of the Paste Function window. Click-on
it.

MIcrosoft office Excel 45

 Paste Function
 The “Office Assistant” will appear (see image on right)
and you can ask it questions (the little assistant may be
a paper clip or just about anything). Click-on the blue
dot to the left of Help with this feature. You will now
see a help screen similar to the one below. When this
screen appears, click-on the blue dot to the left of Help
on the selected function (arrow below)

MIcrosoft office Excel 46

 Paste Function
When you have reviewed all of
the help you care to see,
carefully click-on the X at the
upper right corner of the blue
bar to close the Microsoft
Excel Help window If you
accidentally close the
spreadsheet, simply reply yes
to Save, and then re-open the
spreadsheet as you did lately.

MIcrosoft office Excel 47

 Paste Function
 The Paste Function
menu screen will again
appear. click on OK.
The following menu will
appear.

 If the Office Assistant is

still on the screen
simply point to it and
click the RIGHT mouse
button. A pop-up menu
will appear. Click-on
Hide. This will put the
Assistant away until we
need it again

MIcrosoft office Excel 48

 Paste Function
 As you can see, in the area to the right of Number 1, the “Wizard” has
“guessed” that you want to add the numbers in the range C6 to C8. Now that
you are becoming proficient with Excel, we’ll try something special.
Carefully, point to some “plain” part in the gray area above. Click and hold
down the left mouse button, and drag the above SUM box “away” so that
you can see your numbers in C column cells. When you have done this,
release the mouse button. Now click-on the “small box” on the right edge of
the Number 1 area (see arrow). It has a little red arrow in it.

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 Paste Function
 The above window will appear. Delete anything that is in the
window, and then, highlight cells C6 to C8 in the spreadsheet
(click-on C6, hold down the left mouse button, and drag until
the three cells are high-lighted.). A “marquee” will begin to
flash around the cells, indicating they are highlighted. The cell
will appear as above. Now click-on the small button on the
right of the cell (see arrow ). The numbers will show in the
area to the right of Number 1. Now, click-on OK. You’ll see
that the SUM formula [=SUM(C6:C8)] is in Cell C9.

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 AutoSum METHOD
 3 Method (Windows): The last three methods work in all spreadsheets.
Since we add numbers more than any other operation in spreadsheets, Excel
spreadsheet has an additional feature - Auto Sum. Move to cell C9 again
and tap the delete key to erase your last formula. Now look at the upper
area of the screen, just below the menu bar, for a 3 (summation) symbol
button. Point to it and click with the left mouse button. WOW !!
Automatic addition !! Notice that the cells, you’d logically desire to add,
have a marquee around them and that the SUM function is displayed in
cell C9. You’ll need to confirm that this is the correct formula. So, tap the
Enter key and the SUM function will now be set in cell C9. Any time you
want to add using this method just drag one more cell past the numbers
you want to as for the total area and click-on the 3 .
This would be a good time to save your work.

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 Simple Exercise
 Now move to cell C17 and add the total Expenses in
cells C13 to C16 - using each of the four methods.

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 SUBTRACTION
 In cell A19 type Net Income. Next, adjust the width of
column A.
 In cell C19 we want to subtract the amount in for
Expenses in cell C17 from the amount for Income in cell
C9. This can be accomplished by using either the Type-In
Method or Point Method. Go ahead and do this. Don’t
forget to tap the Enter key to confirm your formula.

[The formula should look like =C9‑C17]

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 MORE CELL FORMATTING
 We want our numbers to look better. To do this we'll
include dollar signs and decimal points in our numbers.
This is done by using the mouse. Point to cell C6, hold
down the left mouse button and drag down slowly to high
light cells C6 through C19. Your screen should look like
the one below.

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 MORE CELL FORMATTING
 Now point anywhere in
the highlighted area and
click the right mouse
button. A pop-up menu
will appear. Click-on
Format Cells.

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 MORE CELL FORMATTING
 Click-on the
Number (this is
what you want)
“Tab” at the top of
the window. Point
to Currency and
click-on Currency.

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 MORE CELL FORMATTING
 Notice several things. The right side shows the number
of decimal places. The 2 is the default for cents. We'll use
2. Notice above the Decimal Places that there is a sample
of what our number will look like. At the lower right it
shows how negative numbers can appear, depending on
your choice. When a negative number is calculated, it will
appear with your choice. Now click-on OK. All the
numbers now have $. If you have large numbers that are
"too wide" for the current column width you will see some
######## in the cells where these numbers are located. If
you need to, go ahead and widen the columns as you did
previously.

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 MORE CELL FORMATTING
 Your spreadsheet
numbers should now
look like the one on
the left.

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 DIVISION and PERCENT
 Now move to cell A21 and type in the word Percent. We're going
to calculate a fun percentage to show you how division works and
give you some more practice with numbers.
 Now move to cell C21 and using either the Type-In Method or the
Point Method divide ( / ) the amount for Income in cell C9 by the
amount for Expenses in cell C17. This will give you a horrid
number so why not put a percent symbol with it. Now we’ll
repeat what we did above.
 Point to C21 and click the right mouse button. Point to Format
Cells, -then the Number tabf –then click-on Percent. Select
zero ( O ) Decimal Places. Click OK. Ta Da !!! a %. 
[The formula should look like =C9/C17]

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 COPYING
 We could repeat what we did to this point and fill in the Income
and Expenses for each of the remaining columns. There is a
simpler way to do this. Assuming our income and expense
amounts are about the same throughout the months, we want to
copy the amounts in Column C to Columns D, E and F. This
will require two “steps.”
 
 Move your cursor to cell C6. First, we'll highlight what we
want to copy, next we'll tell the spreadsheet where we want to
place what we've copied. So, point to C6, hold down the left
mouse button and drag down the column until cells C6
through C21 are high-lighted. Your highlighted area should
look like the one on the right.

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 COPYING

 Now, point to Edit in

the top menu bar.
Click the left button.
Point to Copy in the
menu that appears.
Click the left button.
The menu disappears.

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 COPYING
 You will notice that once
again, when you highlight
an area, a marquee of
running lights moves
around the copy area. So,
you’ll know you highlighted
the correct area.
 Now we'll tell the program
where to copy the
information. Point to cell
D6, click and hold down
the left mouse button and
drag down and to the right
to cell F21 (This will high
light three columns ‑‑ OCT,
NOV, DEC ‑‑ to copy to.).
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 COPYING
 Now point to Edit in the Menu Bar again and click the left button.
Point to Paste. Click left button. Wow !' All those numbers and
dollar signs and formulas and EVERYTHING was copied in a flash
!! That sure saved us a lot of time.  
 Click on a cell away from the area where the numbers are located.
This will “turn-off” the highlight. Tap the Esc key and the marquee
will also disappear. 

 Note: You can also utilize the copy and paste buttons in the button
bar to do this if you desire.
 
 
  
 Change a few numbers in each of the months in both the income and
expense areas to see how the spreadsheet works. (This will be viewed
in the graphs later.)
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 Simple Activity to do
 Entering formulas in the Monthly Totals Column
• Move to cell G6 under the title Monthly Totals. Choose one of the
formulas you learned earlier to add each of the amounts in
Parents for the four months. Use any of the four methods.
After you have completed your formula copy it to the cells G7 to
G19. You will see some "stuff" in cells G10, 11, 12, and 18. This
is because there was "nothing there" to add. So, go in and
clean-up these cells by deleting the zeros in these cells.
 
• Next, go to G9 and G17 and underline like you've did before.
 
• Notice that we didn’t copy the percentage formula when we
started this last copying effort. If we had copied a SUM formula, it
would have added the four percentages. We don’t want the sum
of the percentages. We want a percentage of the Monthly Totals.
So, we need to copy this percentage separately. Now, copy the
percentage formula in cell F21 to cell G21. Now put a $ in cells
G6 through G19 if you need to, and a % in G21.

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 Absoluting
 There are times when we are working with a spreadsheet
that we do not want a cell to "roll" to the next column
when we use the copy feature of the spreadsheet – like it
did in our last copying exercise. To stop the cells from
“rolling” we utilize something called absoluting. The
following is an illustration of absoluting.

 Go to cell A23 and type-in Number. Go to cell A25

and type-in Result.
 Go to cell C23 and type in a 2.

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 Absoluting
 We'll now create a formula to multiply our number times
Net Income. You may use either the Type-in or Point
method. Go to cell C25, and type in a formula to multiply
cell C23 times cell C19.
 The formula should look like: =C23*C19
 
 The result in C25 should be two times the net income in
cell C19.
 
 Now copy the formula in cell C25 to cells D25, E25, F25
and G25.

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 Uh Oh!!! Where did all of
those "0's" come from?

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 Absoluting
 Point to each of the cells D25, E25, F25 and G25. Notice, as you click on
each and look at the top of the screen, how C23 (the cell with the 2)
"rolled" and became D23, E23, F23 and G23 (which are blank - and
caused the "0's"). A blank times a number is a “0.”We want the 2 to be in
each formula and not to "roll".
 To do this we utilize something called Absoluting or Anchoring.
 Go back to cell C25. Now we'll enter the formula again, but a little
differently (to anchor the 2).
 Type in a =C23 (or you could type = and point to C23). NOW, tap the F4
key. Notice, in the Edit bar at the top of the screen, that the =C23 changes
to: $C$23. (This tells you that cell C23 is absoluted or anchored. The
"$'s" indicate the absoluting.) Now finish the formula by typing in or
pointing *C17 as before. Tap Enter

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 Absoluting
 The formula should look like: =$C$23*C19

 Now copy the formula in cell C25 to cells D25, E25, F25 and G25
again.
 The numbers should now be correct. Point to cells D25, E25, F25
and G25 like you did before. You will notice the "$'s" have copied
the =$C$23 to each cell (absoluting) and the Net Income figures have
rolled as they should. Absoluting is something you should know and
understand. 
 Pause and reflect ‑‑ Look at all you have accomplished. If you want
go in and change some more numbers or change the income and
expense titles to something you feel is more fun or appropriate.

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 First move to cell A1.

 All of the Windows spreadsheets try to figure out what you

want to print. Sometimes they're right,
 sometimes they're wrong. So........
 The most important thing with printing is to tell the printer
what to print.
 
 Unlike a word processor, you may need to highlight what you
want to print. So, point to cell A1, hold down the left mouse
button and drag down and to the right to cell G25. You've
highlighted the entire spreadsheet.

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 It should look like the image below.

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 Printing
 Now click-on File in
the Menu Bar and
then click-on Print
in the drop-down
menu. The
following window
should appear:

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 If we’re really sure of what we’ve done, then Active
sheets(s) is OK. However, if you make a mistake
somewhere in the spreadsheet, you might end up printing a
lot of extra pages. Notice in the “box” that indicates Print
what that there are three selections: Selection, Active
sheet(s), and Entire Workbook. So, as indicated above,
point to the “circle” in front of Selection and click the left
mouse button.

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 Printing
It's usually a good idea to see what our printout will look like. So, point to Preview.
Click the left button. A picture of what our printout will look like appears – similar to
the one below.

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 Printing
 
 First notice that an “image” of your spreadsheet appears. In the
top left corner of the screen you will see the words Next and
Previous. In this case they are not active. If our spreadsheet had
been larger than one page, then you would see these “activated”
and a “page count” would appear at the bottom left of your
screen. So, this spreadsheet will print on one page in “portrait”.
Go ahead and click-on Print. When the printer completes the
print, label this printout “portrait default”.  
 When you click Print, your Preview screen will disappear. To
continue with printing, repeat the instructions for printing on
the last page again – File – Print – click in Selection circle –
Preview. Your screen above should appear again.

 Now click-on Setup in the top button Bar

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 Notice that the Page Setup screen indicates that you are in Portrait
view. Now we’ll enhance the spreadsheet to make it a bit more
presentable. In the Orientation area click-in the small circle in
front of Landscape.

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 In the Orientation area click-in the small circle in front of
Landscape. The spreadsheet will now print on the page as
indicated. Next, in the Scaling area, click-in the box to the left
of % normal size. With either the “up/down” triangles, or by
typing in the information, change the size to 125. Then click-on
OK. Your spreadsheet will now be larger and fill the paper
more appropriately.
 . Click-on Print and when this spreadsheet comes out of the
printer label it: “landscape – enlarged to 125 %”. Go ahead
and adjust the “size” of your spreadsheet so that it becomes too
large to fit on a single page. Set the Scaling to 200 and click-on
OK. When you return to the Preview screen, the Next and
Previous buttons at the top will now be active, and you’ll see 1
of 3 or 4 pages in the lower left corner of the screen.

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 Printing
 Then click-in the small circle to the left of Fit 1 page(s) wide by 1 tall in the Scaling
area and make sure that 1 page is set. Excel will now return your spreadsheet to one
page. Try other things here. Work with margins, etc. Any time you desire to print, go
ahead and do so. This will give you a feel for how the spreadsheets will print. When
you are finished, simply click-on Close and you will return to your spreadsheet. 
 Now we'll call it a day and get out of Excel for Windows. First, let's save our work one
more time. If you forget, Excel will remind you to do it. What a nice program!!
 Point to the Edit menu and click the left button. Point to Exit. Click the left button.
That's it for now. 
 When you return, we'll retrieve our work and do some really neat graphics. To open
your spreadsheet again follow the instructions on pages 10 and 11.

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 GRAPHICS
 This will be a lot of fun. We are now going to turn your
spreadsheet numbers into graphics ‑‑ bar charts, pie charts,
etc. This will greatly assist you when you display and
explain your work.

 Before we do this there are a couple of essential steps.

First we have to tell the "Wizard" what we want to chart
and then were we want the chart to go.

 First: in cell B9 type in Income (to replace the word

Total). Next type in Expenses in B17 for the same reason.

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 GRAPHICS
 VERY IMPORTANT……….
 Now....Something New.... Hold down the left mouse
button and highlight cells B3 to F3. Next HOLD DOWN
the Ctrl key at the bottom of the keyboard, and while you
are holding it down, highlight B9 through F9. You will
now see two "ranges" highlighted. Hold down the Ctrl
again, and highlight B17 through F17. These three
ranges will make up your chart. The x-axis will be made
up of B4 - F4. And, the two sets of bars (series) will make-
up the Income and Expense.

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 When you complete the above instructions, your screen should
look like the one below.

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 In the Menu Bar click-on to Insert, then in the menu that
appears, click on Chart. The following window appears.

Chart Wizard now appears.

The various types of charts
show in Chart type: on the
left. Examples of the
selected chart type show on
the right under Chart sub-
type. We’ll stay with Column
and the chart selected for
now. Click on Next.

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 Wizard now shows you what
your chart will look like. The
“ranges” you selected originally
are shown in the Data range:
area. If you did not highlight as
indicated, your chart won’t
"look right." Your chart should
look like the example above. If
you click-on the Series tab at the
top of the Wizard screen, you’ll
see a new Wizard screen that
shows you where the Income and
Expenses series came from.
Click-back on the Data range tab
at the top. Now click-in the little
circle in front of Columns. The
Wizard will indicate that the chart
has been “rotated” 90 degrees and
thus the axis has changed. Click-
back in the small circle in front of
Rows. Clickoffice
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 GRAPHICS

 This is the final Wizard. You’ll notice that it asks you where
you want to put your chart. Since this is your first chart, it
is best if you select As a new sheet: (see arrow above).
This will put your chart on a new tab called Chart 1. Now
click-on Finish, You’ll see that you chart has a tab of its own
at the bottom of the screen, and “fills” an entire screen.
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 WOW!!!! There's your chart. Again, notice that Excel
created a new tab at the bottom of the spreadsheet that says
Chart 1. Any time the numbers change on the Sheet 1, the
bars in the chart will reflect the change automatically. Click
on the Sheet 1 and Chart 1 tabs to get the feel of going
back and forth between the data and the chart. After you
make your changes, click on the Chart 1 Tab and you’ll
see how the chart has changed.

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 In Excel when you save your spreadsheet you also save
your graph. Your graph is saved wherever you are working.

 Note: We are about to do some things which could mess‑up

your graph. If you do get "messed‑up" in the graph -
don't save again. Simply Close the worksheet and DON'T
SAVE. Open the worksheet again and you will be in a nice
neat graph where you can experiment some more.

 Let's really get "Snazzzyyy".

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 Click on the Chart 1 tab.
 
 Click-once on your title at the top. A “box” with little squares on the corners
will appear. These are “sizing grabbers”. When you move the cursor over
them you will notice that the cursor changes to small, directional arrows. If
you click, hold down the left mouse button, and drag when you see these
arrows, you will notice that the Title Box gets larger or smaller as you drag.
Next, click-on the name of your budget until you get a flashing cursor
somewhere in the title. With the arrow movement keys, or mouse, move to
the end of the title, to the right of the "t" in Budget, and tap Enter. Type in
Fall 2001. Now click at the beginning of your name, hold down the left mouse
button, and drag to highlight the first line of the budget title with your name
in it. Keeping the cursor on the dark area, click the right mouse button. Click
on Format Chart Title. Change the Font to Times New Roman (by moving
up and down with the arrows). As you change things you will see the results in
Preview on the lower right. Change the size to 28. Change the color if you
want. Click OK.
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 Click-on the upper right hand corner of your gray graph area.
You will see little squares now appear at the four corners and sides of
the graph area. Point to the upper right corner square and move the
cursor until you see an arrow with two heads  . Hold down the left
mouse button and drag down and to the left then let go. Your graph
will get smaller. Now point somewhere in an open gray area of the
graph (not on one of the bars) and click again. Hold down the left
mouse button and drag the graph area so it looks more "appropriate".

Click-on the Legend on the right. Then click right in the Legend
area. Click Format Legend. Click on Placement. Click in the white
circle to the left of Bottom. OK. Now, doing the same thing you did
with the graph, make the legend larger and make the Income and
Expense fonts larger.

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 Now let's look at your graph and then print it. Go to File - Print
Preview. If you like what you see go ahead and print the graph.
If not, close Preview and make some more graph changes.
 
 Whenever your graph is visible, you can point to any area of
the graph, and click the right mouse button on the area, and
edit that particular area. You can also click-right in the chart
itself. In the menu that appears, click-on chart type and then
change the to a different type of chart. TA DA!

 Note: No matter what type of printer you have, graphs take

awhile to print. In your room the printer will go slowly line by
line as it draws the graph. In the lab the computer will "send" the
entire graph picture to the laser printer. Be patient.

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