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Application of Vector Product and Dot Product

The document discusses the application of vector and dot products, including: (1) Finding areas and the angle between forces using vector and dot products (2) Calculating moments (torques) in 2D and 3D using cross products of force and position vectors (3) An example problem that calculates the moment about a point O due to a tension force using force and position vectors.

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162 views

Application of Vector Product and Dot Product

The document discusses the application of vector and dot products, including: (1) Finding areas and the angle between forces using vector and dot products (2) Calculating moments (torques) in 2D and 3D using cross products of force and position vectors (3) An example problem that calculates the moment about a point O due to a tension force using force and position vectors.

Uploaded by

nishan_ravin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Application of vector

product and dot


product
(1) Finding areas (magnitude)
(2) Angle between 2 forces/ work done by force
(3) Finding moment of 2d and 3D force

1
Vector Multiplication
V1
Dot multiplication

V 1 V 2 V1V2 cos
V2
V 1 V 2
cos
V1V2
- the result is a scalar

Cross multiplication
V 1 V 2 (V1V2 sin )n

- the result is a vector


- the direction of the vector is determined by the right-hand rule
- n is the unit vector in the direction
Fundamentals of Mechanics, Lecture One 2
2 Moments in 2D

2.1 Definition of Moment


Moment is the action of a force which has the
tendency to rotate a body/object. Moment is also
called torque.

3
2.2 Moment About a Point
Moment is a vector. The direction of the moment is
determined by the right-hand rule.

The magnitude of a moment can be


calculated by the value of the force
times the perpendicular distance of
the force action line to the given
point.

4
What is the unit of a moment?

For convenience and consistence, we define that a positive moment


in 2D analysis is the one that has the tendency to turn an object
around a given point counter-clockwise.

Following the right-hand rule, the vector direction of a positive


moment in 2D analysis is along the positive z direction.

Fundamentals of Mechanics, Lecture Two 5


Moment can be calculated by the cross product of vectors.

M A r F (rF sin )n
r sin d
M A Fdn

In 2D case, we can use


the vector components of r
and F to obtain M:

M r F (rxi ry j ) ( Fxi Fy j )
rx Fxi i rx Fy i j ry Fx j i ry Fy j j
(rx Fy ry Fx )k

6
Example
Use force components to
derive moment about A

Use derivative of MA against


to determine maximum MA

Fundamentals of Mechanics, Lecture Two 7


Example 1: What is the moment due to the tension force
about point O

1. Define X, Y , Z axes
2.
Express T as a vector from the unit vector

3. Determine the position vector

4. Determine the moment due to T about point O using


500N vectors

5. Check your answers and comment on your answers

8
Example 1 = = 2 + 1 5 m

= ||
= ||
||

(2 0) + (3 2) + 0 5
= 500
(2 0)2 +(3 2)2 +(0 5)2
T = 183 + 91.5 457 N

= = 2 + 3


= = 2 3 0 = (1371 + 914 366)
E
183 91.5 457
F N.m

= = 0 2 5 = (1371 + 914 366)
183 91.5 457

N.m
9
Work and Energy
r

Work done by the


force
U =F*r

F
r

Work done by the
force
U = Fcos *r

Fundamentals of Mechanics, Lecture Eleven 10



Differential vector dr is the particle displacement.

Work of the force is



dU F dr
F ds cos
Fx dx Fy dy Fz dz

Work is a scalar quantity, i.e., it has magnitude and


sign but not direction.

Dimensions of work are length force. Units are


1 J joule 1 N 1 m 1ft lb 1.356 J

Dimensions of work and bending moment are same.


However both concepts are completely different
from each other 11
Fundamentals of Mechanics, Lecture Eleven

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