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Statically Indeterminate Member and Thermal

The document discusses statically indeterminate structures and thermal stress. It defines a statically indeterminate structure as one where the static equilibrium equations are insufficient to determine internal forces. Thermal stress occurs when a structure's temperature changes uniformly, but the structure is constrained and cannot deform freely, creating internal stresses. The document provides examples of calculating forces in statically indeterminate structures and stresses induced in structures by non-uniform temperature changes.

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240 views

Statically Indeterminate Member and Thermal

The document discusses statically indeterminate structures and thermal stress. It defines a statically indeterminate structure as one where the static equilibrium equations are insufficient to determine internal forces. Thermal stress occurs when a structure's temperature changes uniformly, but the structure is constrained and cannot deform freely, creating internal stresses. The document provides examples of calculating forces in statically indeterminate structures and stresses induced in structures by non-uniform temperature changes.

Uploaded by

Lanz de la Cruz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Statically Indeterminate Member

Thermal Stress
Statically Indeterminate
In statics, a structure is statically indeterminate (or hyperstatic) when the static equilibrium equations are
insufficient for determining the internal forces and reactions on that structure.

Since there are four unknown forces (or variables) (VA, VB, VC and HA) but only three equilibrium equations, this
system of simultaneous equations does not have a unique solution. The structure is therefore classified as statically
indeterminate.
Considerations in the material properties and compatibility in deformations are taken to solve statically
indeterminate systems or structures.
Example: B C D

The three steel rod, each of


cross-sectional area 250 mm2
jointly support the 7.5kN load.
Assuming that there was no
slack or stress in the rods before
the load was applied, find the A
force in each rod. Use E= 200
GPa for steel
Thermal Strain
Thermal Strain and Stress
If the temperature change is uniform throughout the body, the
thermal strain is also uniform.

If temperature deformation is permitted to occur freely, no load or


stress will be induced in the structure. In some cases where
temperature deformation is not permitted, an internal stress is
created. The internal stress created is termed as thermal stress.
Relationship between Stress & Change in Temp
Homogenous Rod Mounting
For a homogeneous rod mounted between unyielding supports as shown,
the thermal deformation due to temp change will be

If the wall yields a distance of x as shown then


Example Problem 1:
The rails of a railroad track are welded together at their ends (to
form continuous rails and thus eliminate clacking sound of the
wheels ) when the temperature is 60o F.
What compressive stress is produced in the rails when they are
heated by the sun to 120o F if the coefficient of thermal expansion
is 6.5 x 10 -6 / o F and the modulus of eleasticity is 30 x 10 6 psi.
Example Problem #2
An aluminum pipe has a length of 60m at a temperature of 10oC. An
adjacent steel pipe at the same temperature is 5mm longer than the
aluminum pipe.
At what temperature (oC) will the aluminum pipe be 15mm longer than
the steel pipe. Assume the coefficient of thermal expansion of aluminum
and steel are 23 x 10 -6 / oC and 12 x10-6/oC respectively.
BACK-UP
Chip-Attach
Die / Silicon

Package / Substrate

Final Output
Solder Joint Crack or Fracture?

12
CTE Mismatch
Conditions:
Component and board are infinitely rigid
Solder joints are symmetric to the component
Component CTE of the board is larger than that of the component
CTEboard > CTEcomp)
SJ SJ

Board
Neutral State : solder joint is not subjected to
any strain.

Component
High Temp State: If the temperature is elevated
SJ SJ from neutral, then the board (higher CTE) will
expand more than the component (lower CTE).
Board
Solder joints will have a strain applied to them.

Component
Low Temp State: If the temperature is
SJ SJ decreased from the neutral state, then the board
will contract more than the component. Solder
Board joints will again have a strain applied to them.

13

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