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TOPIC 11 AR Qualitative Data Analysis

Content analysis is a technique used to analyze qualitative data such as written communications. It allows researchers to indirectly study human behavior through analyzing communications. Content analysis can be used to describe trends over time, compare how different groups handle the same topics, and infer attitudes and values. Qualitative data analysis involves interpreting data to identify themes and descriptions. The researcher reads through data multiple times to develop codes and themes before organizing the data into categories. The goal is to make sense of large amounts of qualitative data.

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36 views

TOPIC 11 AR Qualitative Data Analysis

Content analysis is a technique used to analyze qualitative data such as written communications. It allows researchers to indirectly study human behavior through analyzing communications. Content analysis can be used to describe trends over time, compare how different groups handle the same topics, and infer attitudes and values. Qualitative data analysis involves interpreting data to identify themes and descriptions. The researcher reads through data multiple times to develop codes and themes before organizing the data into categories. The goal is to make sense of large amounts of qualitative data.

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CocNewbie
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TOPIC 11

QUALITATIVE DATA ANALYSIS


CONTENT ANALYSIS
ANALYZING QUALITATIVE DATA
Content Analysis
Analysis of the usually, but not necessarily, written
contents of a communication
A technique that enables researchers to study
human behavior in an indirect way, through an
analysis of their communications
Example: Content analysis of mathematics
assignments might reveal deficiencies in the ways
pupils solve word problems
Applications
Content analysis can be used to:
Describe trends in schooling over time
Show how different schools handle the same
curriculum
Gain a sense of how teachers feel about their work
Gain some ideas how schools are perceived
Infer attitudes, values and cultural patterns in
different schools
Why Content Analysis?
To obtain descriptive information about a topic
To formulate themes (major ideas) that help to
organize and make sense out of large amounts of
descriptive information
To validate findings of other studies using other
research methodology
To obtain useful information
To test hypotheses
Qualitative Process of Data Analysis

Qualitative research is interpretive research in


which you make a personal assessment as to a
description that fits the situation or themes that
capture the major categories of information
Interpretation that you make of a transcript may
differ from that some one else make because you
bring your own perspective to your interpretation
Qualitative Process of Data Analysis

Inductive from detailed data to general codes


and themes
Simultaneous process of collecting and analyzing
data
Iterative cycle back and forth between data
collection and analysis
Analysis of data by reading it several times to
develop deeper understanding about the
information supplied by the participants
Organize Data
Organize large amount of data into file folders or
computer files or onto index cards
Organize by types: all interviews, all observations,
all documents, all photographs by participant, site
or location
Keep duplicate copies of all forms of data
Transcribe Data
Words through interviews and fieldnotes written
during observations are converted to a computer
file for analysis
Transcription process of converting audiotape
recordings or fieldnotes into text data
Analyze by hand or computer?
Hand analysis of qualitative data researcher
reads the data, mark it by hand, divide it into
parts, and use colour coding to mark parts of the
text
Preferred when:
Analyze small database and can easily keep track
of files and locate text passages
Want to be close to the data and have a hands-on
feel for it
Have time to commit to it
Analyze by hand or computer?
Computer analysis of qualitative data researchers
use a computer program to facilitate the process of
storing, analyzing and sorting the data
Use when you:
Analyze a large database and need to organize and
keep track of extensive information
Need a close inspection of every word and sentence to
capture specific quotes
Are adequately trained in using the program
Have resources to purchase the program
Exploring Data
To obtain a general sense of the data
Write memos in the margin of fieldnotes, transcripts
or images short phrases, ideas, concepts or
hunches that occur to you
Think about organization of data
Consider whether you need more data
Code the Data
Process of segmenting and labelling text to form
descriptions and broad themes in the data
Coding process make sense of the text data,
divide it into text or segments, label the segments
with codes, examine codes for overlap and
redundancy, and collapse these codes into broad
themes
Model of Coding Process
Read Divide Label Reduce overlap Collapse
through text into segments & redundancy of codes into
text data segments with codes codes themes

Many Many Codes Codes


30 40
pages of segments reduced to reduced to 5
codes
text of text 20 7 themes
Themes
Similar codes aggregated together to form a major
idea in the database
Also called categories
Form a core element in qualitative data analysis
Labels that typically consist of no more than 2 to 4
words
QUALITATIVE PROCESS OF DATA ANALYSIS

Codes the text for description to Codes the text for themes to
be used in the research report be used in the research report

Locates text segments and assigns a code label to them

Reads through the data to obtain a general sense of material

Prepares data for analysis by transcribing interviews or fieldnotes

Collects text data such as fieldnotes, transcripts, optically scanned materials


Tutorial 11
In groups, interview a student for 5 minutes on
Factors that caused students of class Year 5
Awana to be sleepy during teaching and learning
Transcribe the interview
In groups, code your interview transcript and list
the categories of main aspects
ISL
Surf the internet and search the library for methods
of qualitative and quantitative data analysis
Student summarizes lecture notes and reference
materials into concept maps /graphic organizers
and keep in portfolio

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