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Operating Systems

The document discusses operating system fundamentals including the three main components of an OS: the user interface, kernel, and file management system. It also outlines key OS functions like file management, hardware control, and utility programs. Common OS types are described as multiuser, multitasking, and multithreading. Examples of popular PC operating systems like Windows, MacOS, and Linux are provided.

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Rakesh Khanna
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© © All Rights Reserved
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128 views

Operating Systems

The document discusses operating system fundamentals including the three main components of an OS: the user interface, kernel, and file management system. It also outlines key OS functions like file management, hardware control, and utility programs. Common OS types are described as multiuser, multitasking, and multithreading. Examples of popular PC operating systems like Windows, MacOS, and Linux are provided.

Uploaded by

Rakesh Khanna
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Operating System

Fundamentals

1. Components of an OS
2. Functions of an OS
3. Types of OS
4. Command-line tools
The Three Elements of an OS
User Interface The part of the OS
that you interface with.
Kernel The core of the OS. Interacts
with the BIOS (at one end), and the UI
(at the other end).
File Management System Organizes
and manages files.
Operating System Functions

File Management

Application Management

Built-in Utility Programs

Control of Computer Hardware


Operating System Types
Multiuser Two or more users work
with the computer at the same time
Multitasking Two or more
processes running at the same time.
Multithreading Two or more parts
of the same process running at the
same time.
PC Operating Systems

Microsoft Windows
MacIntosh OS
Linux
MS Windows Versions
Home (Non-Professional) Versions
Windows 95
Windows 98
Windows Me
Professional (Business) Versions
Windows NT
Windows 2000
The Two Lines Came Together in
Windows XP (2001)
Disk Operating System
( DOS )
The first PC Operating System (1981)
Not a Multitasking OS, only one program
could run at a time
A command-line interface, no GUI.
Early versions of Windows sat on top of DOS
and used it to communicate with the BIOS.
Windows XP communicates directly with the
BIOS, but allows commands to be entered
via a command prompt.
File System
A file is a collection of bytes of
information treated as a single unit.
It is given a name to make it easy to
find and use later.
The file system keeps track of where
a file is actually resident on a disk.
A disk (hard disk, floppy, optical
disk) is subdivided into directories or
folders.
File System (continued)
The top level folder on a disk is
known as the root.
The root is generally subdivided into
subfolders.
Any folder or subfolder can contain
files and other folders.
The fully-qualified filename includes
the name of the file and the path to
the folder in which it resides:
c:\courses\061\cit141\chapter4.ppt
Windows Registered File Types

A particular file extension can be


registered and associated with a particular
program.
.docx files are associated with MS Word
.xlsx files are associated with MS Excel
.txt files are associated with Notepad
.html files are associated with IE
This is how Windows knows what to do
when you double-click a file in My
Computer.
File Attributes
Each file has four attributes which
can be viewed or set.
Read Only File may be viewed, copied,
executed (if appropriate), but not
changed. It can be deleted.
Hidden File will not be displayed in
normal list of files.
System File is identified to belong to
system, should not be messed with.
Archive File is (or is not) a candidate
for backup.
DOS Commands
Two types Internal and External
Internal commands are resident in the
main kernel file: command.com (or
cmd.exe)
External commands are separate little
programs.
It's important to learn DOS
commands because you can write
scripts to execute a set of commands
automatically.
The Command Prompt

By default, it reminds you


of the current drive and the
current directory.
Three Parts of a DOS Command

xcopy /m/e c:\temp d:\temp

Command Switches Parameters


Name
DOS Wildcard Characters
The characters ? and * can be used
to affect multiple files with a single
command.
The ? means any single character.

copy c:\temp\notes??.doc d:\temp

means copy any Word file that begins


with the word "notes" with exactly two
other characters, like "notes01.doc",
"notesAB.doc", etc.
DOS Wildcard Characters
The "*" wildcard replaces any number of
characters.

copy c:\temp\notes.* d:\temp


(copy all files with the name "notes" and
any extension.)

copy *.doc c:\temp


(copy all files with a "doc" extension in
the current directory.)
At the Command Prompt
A drive letter and a ":" (e.g. "f:")
makes that your current drive.
CD (Change Directory)
cd (with no parameters) reminds you
what the current directory is.
cd .. moves you to the parent of the
current directory (up one level).
cd \ moves you to the root of the
current drive.
cd <some directory> makes that your
current directory.
DOS Commands
MD Make directory.
RD Remove a directory or an entire
directory tree.
DIR Display the contents of a directory.
DEL (or ERASE) Deletes one or more
files.
COPY Places a copy of file(s) in a
different folder.
XCOPY Flexible copy command used for
copying large groups of files, commonly
used for file backup.
More DOS Commands
MOVE Moves file(s) from one folder
to another.
REN(AME) Renames file(s).
ATTRIB Displays or sets file
attributes.
FORMAT Formats a disk.
CHKDSK Tests the file system on a
disk, and reports status.
Even More
DATE and TIME Display & set the
current date & time in the PC.
TYPE Displays the contents of a
text file.

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