Pr.

Mohamed Tawfik ELOUALI

Dr-Ing. (Mcanique des fluides)
Ph.D. (Earthquake Engineering)
Gnie Civil-Ecole Mohammadia dIngnieurs
Email: [email protected]
TOPICS COVERED:
1. Basic concepts:Vector Representation of
Force Systems
2. Equilibrium of Particles
3. Forces and Moments
4. Equilibrium of Rigid Bodies
5. Trusses, Frames and Machine
6. Friction
7. Centroids, Centers of Gravity, Distributed
Loads
8. Second Moments of Area
 Textbook

Engineering Mechanics STATICS

R.C. Hibbeler, Engineering Mechanics

TEXTBOOKS AND OTHER REQUIRED MATERIAL:

J. L. Meriam and L. G. Kraige, Engineering Mechanics Statics, 6th
ed., Wiley, 2007.

SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIALS:
WileyPlus for Meriam and Kraige, 2008
 Course Assessment

One mid-semester test, for 40% of the total

course mrks.

One end-of-semester examination, for 60% of the

total course marks.
 CHAPTER 1

Basic Concepts
1.1Engineering mechanics
1.1.1 What is Engineering mechanics?
Its a branch of Physical Sciences which deals
with the state of rest or motion of bodies under the
action of forces.
Its one of the oldest disciplines; broadest of all
engineering disciplines.

Physical Sciences
,
Electricity
Geology Biomedical
Mechanics Eng;
 Body (set) of Knowledge which Deals with
the Study and Prediction of the State of Rest or
Motion of Particles and Bodies under the
action of Forces
1.1.2 Engineering mechanics fields

Mechanics

Mechanics of Mechanics of
Structures Fluids

Fluid mechanics deals

with liquids and gases in
motion or at rest.
 Mechanics

Mechanics of Mechanics of
Structures Fluids

Rigid Deformable Compressible Incompressible

Bodies Bodies
Gases Hydraulics
 Mechanics of
Structures

Rigid Bodies Deformable Bodies

Rigid body is with negligible deformations: the

relative movement between its parts are negligible.
a basic requirement for the study of the
mechanics of deformable bodies.
1.1.3 Why Studying mechanics ?

The best way to conceive the importance of

mechanics is to place it in the context of the
realization of a structure be it a building, a
bridge, dams or other structure having a
particular function.
Compression or tension? The stress
distribution in the proximal femur,
 Then, the answer to the previous question is as follows

One studies mechanics because it forms the

groundwork for the design and analysis of such
structures.
The word design means ' to fashion according to
a plan' The verb ''fashion'' here means '' to
select the materials and to determine the
dimensions
1.1.4 structural Analysis
Physical Idealization Analysis
Problems

A- Idealization of structures
Actual structure Model
Generally, structures are
complex. So In order to
conduct the analysis, both
the geometry of the
structure and the actions
and support conditions are
represented by a simpler
model.
 No thickness for the components

Idealization depends upon the complexity of the

structure.
When a body has a mass but a size that can
be neglected, it is idealised as a particle.
the geometry of the body will not be significant
in the analysis of the problem; so that all forces
may be assumed to be applied at a single point.
 B- Methods of analysis

Equilibrium of Bodies, Statics

Difficult problem Strength of materials

Complex problem Finite elements

,
 Assume we want to calculate the transversal
displacement at the fange when the transverse load is
applied slowly
In this case it is reasonble to model the structure as an
assemblage of: Beam, Struss and Spring elements.
 The model choosen is showen in Fig (b).
The structure idealization consists of two beams,
one truss and a spring element.
 1.1.5 What is Statics?

Statics deals the equilibrium of

bodies, that is those that are either at
Rest or Move with a constant velocity

Rest

Motion with a constant velocity

Statics: study of forces, resultant
forces, bodies in equilibrium, no
acceleration
 1.2 Vectors
1.2.1 Definitions

Geometrically vector is directed line segment that has :

a magnitude (length of the segment)
a direction (from its tail to its head indicated by an
arrow). Arrowhead = Sense of Vector

Its represented by a letter with an
arrow over it such as
A
Magnitude is designated as A or simply A

Head

Tail
1.2.2 Vector Operations
Vector Addition
- Addition of two vectors A and B gives a
resultant vector R by the parallelogram law
1.2.2 Vector Operations
Using the Paralleologram Law, Construct
a Parm. with two Forces as Parts. The
resultant of the forces is the diagonal.

Q
 Triangle Rule:
Draw the first Vector. Join the tail of the Second to the
head of the First and then join the head of the third to
the tail of the first force to get the resultant force, R

R=Q+P
P

Q
- Result R can be found by
triangle construction

R=A+B

First Consider A + B Graphically:

B
A
A
 Vector Subtraction
- Special case of addition
Eg: R = A B = A + ( - B )
- Rules of Vector Addition Applies

Now A B: First change sign (direction) of B, then add

the negative vector.
B
-B A

R
-B
A
A
 Subtraction results in a significant difference
both in the magnitude and the direction of the
resultant vector. |(A B)| = |A| - |B|

Comparison of addition and subtraction of B

R=A+B A
R

B R
B -B
A
R = A - B

A
 P
P - Q = P + (- Q)

P P
P -Q

-Q P-Q

Parm. Rule
Triangle Rule
 Also:

Q
P

R=P+Q

Q + P = P + Q. This is the cummutative law of vector

addition
Polygon Rule Can be used for the addition of more than
two vectors. Two vectors are actually
summed and added to the third
S Q

R
(P + Q)
P

R=P+Q+S
S Q

R (Q + S)

R=P+Q+S
1.2.3 Trigonometry
Law of Cosines

FR 100 N 2 150 N 2 2100 N 150 N cos115

10000 22500 30000 0.4226
212.6 N
213N
 1.3 newton laws
The study of rigid body mechanics is
formulated on the basis of Newtons laws
of motion.

First Law:
An object at rest tends to stay at rest and an object in
motion tends to stay in motion with the same speed and
in the same direction, unless acted upon by an
unbalanced force.

F 0
 If the resultant force on a particle is zero, the
particle will remain at rest or continue to move
in a straight line.

F 0

Parallelogram Law
 Newtons Second Law:
The acceleration of a particle is proportional
to the vector sum of forces acting on it, and
is in the direction of this vector

F m a

F ma
 Newtons Third Law:
The forces of action and reaction between
two particles have the same magnitude and
line of action with opposite sense.

F F F
F
 Newtons Law of Gravitation:
Two particles are attracted with
equal and opposite forces,

Mm GM
F G 2
W mg, g 2
r R
 1.4 Systems of Units
Four fundamental quantities in mechanics
Mass Time
Length Force

International System of Units (SI) or Metric Units (SI) :

The basic units are
Length in metre (m)
Time in Seconds (s)
Mass (kg).

Force is the derived unit, F ma

m
1 N 1 kg 1 2
s
 U.S. Customary Units:
The basic units are
Length in feet (ft)
Time in Seconds (s)
Force in Pounds (lb)

Mass is the derived unit,

1ft s
1slug
1lb
a
m
F
 Conversion Factors

Inch (in) 2.54 cm

Foot (ft) = 12 in 30.5 cm
Yard (yd) 0.914 m
Mile (mi) 1.609 km
Acre 0.405 ha
Gallon (gal) 3.79 Litres
Pound (lb) 0.4536 kg
Kilopound (kip)=1000 lb 453.6 kg
Ton (2000 lb) 907.2 kg
Conversion Factors (continue)
4.448 N
Pound force (lbf)
9895 N/m
Pound per sq in (psi)
47.88 N/m
Pound per sq foot (psf)
1.356 Joules
Foot-pounds (ft-lb)
746 W
Horsepowers (hp)

1 N/m =1 pascal
1 Kgf = 9.807 N
1 g = 9.807 m/s
 1.5 FORCEs

What are the fundamental forces?

What is a component of force?
What is equilibrium?
 STATIC & dynamic
F(t)

STATIC DYNAMIC

Time, t

In dynamics, force is an action that tends to cause

acceleration of an object.
Examples of dynamic forces

Sinusodal force

Periodic force

Impulse

Pressure

Acceleration
Two effects of force:
1) Move a body in the direction of its application
2) Rotate a body around an axis.

F F
?

=
A force may be applied at any point on its
given line of action without altering the
resultant effects external to the rigid body on
which it acts.