Analou P.

Villanueva

Engr. Alberto Baacia, MEngg

Engr. Rachel M. Chong, PhD
Advisers
 Introduction
The Problem
General Objective
Specific Objectives
Significance of the Study
Scope and Limitations
Related Studies
Methodology
Results and Discussion
Recommendation
School Uniform: Benefits

Preventing gang colors

Decreasing of violence and theft
Instilling discipline among students
Reducing the need for the administrators and
faculty to be clothes police
Reducing distractions for students
Instilling a sense of community
Helping schools recognize those who do not
belong on campus
Cebu Institute of Technology University
(CIT-U)

requires the students to wear the prescribed

school uniforms on all schooldays except
Wednesdays and Saturdays
has different sets of uniforms for college
students depending on their course
monitors the students compliance through
manual inspection by the security guards and
faculty members
CIT-U Security Systems

Security guards

RFID readers

Thumb mark readers

Surveillance cameras
Surveillance Cameras

monitor individuals who are coming in and out

the school premises

used only for recording video sequences

can have increased functionality by the

incorporation of image processing algorithms
Image Processing

a technique in which various mathematical

operations are applied to the data (image)

Categories of Techniques:
create an enhanced image that is more useful or
pleasing to a human observer

perform some of the interpretation and

recognition tasks usually performed by humans
CIT-U security systems for the general
population:

Security guards very busy of checking cars,

students, faculty members, staffs and visitors
entering the school premises

Surveillance cameras passive utilization can be

considered as wasteful of resources since the videos
are only stored and analyzed manually
 to
add functionality to a surveillance system
by creating an image processing software
that will detect whether the students are
wearing the prescribed school uniform
 develop an image processing algorithm that
can detect and evaluate the persons clothes
in video sequences

impart in the developed system the

resulting detection of the persons clothes

evaluate
the accuracy and speed of the
developed system
 very useful in schools, universities, private
offices, and even in government facilities
wherein uniforms are required

Surveillance cameras are not only used to

capture video streams but also to detect persons
who are not wearing their uniforms
the resources that are allocated for the
surveillance system will be maximized
can also assist the security guards
 the
prescribed school uniforms worn by
male and female students of the College of
Engineering and Architecture (CEA) in
CIT U
 for male students
includes light brown
polo, dark brown
slacks, and closed
black shoes
 for female
students white
blouse, checkered
slacks and closed
black shoes
 Controlled environment

image acquisition
will be done indoor
using a digital
camera

image sequences
will contain one
person only going
towards the digital
camera
 Cameras specifications
Resolution 1280 x 720 pixels
Speed of acquisition 30 frames/second
ISO speed Auto ISO
Position - 10 below the imaginary horizontal
line facing the object
Maximum distance from the object 429
 Cameras position

429"
 Actual physical set-up

38"

30.75"
 Actual physical set-up
Camera
Maximum distance:
429

429

Starting point
 Distance in 286

Camera

286"

Starting point
 Distance in 143

Camera

143"

Starting point
 Actual implementation
Software: Scilab and OpenCV
Hardware: Dell Laptop Computer
Specifications:
Memory 1696 MB
Processor i3
Image Classes: 4 classes 1.) male in uniform
2.) male in civilian
3.) female in uniform
4.) female in civilian
Computer Vision: Richard Szeliski
enumerated a wide variety of real-world
applications which include :
retail object recognition for automated
checkout lanes (Figure 1)

Figure 1 http://www.cognitens.com

R. Szeliski, Computer Vision: Algorithms and Applications, September

2010
surveillance monitoring for intruders, analyzing
highway traffic and many other applications
(Figure 2)

Figure 2 http://www.mobileye.com

R. Szeliski, Computer Vision: Algorithms and Applications, September

2010
Image Processing: Debajyoti Karmaker et al

categorized the image processing into compression,

image segmentation, image enhancement, image
filtering, image distortion, image display and coloring

considered pixels as very significant in an image which

are needed in many algorithms in image processing

outlined the three types of processes which the pixels

of an image undergone

D. Karmaker, H. Rahman, M. S. Rahaman, M. S. Rahman, Global Motion

Tracking Six Parameter Model ARPN Journal of Systems and Software, Vol.1
No. 5, Aug 2011.
Images in Green Component: Remi Jean

presented that the digital color cameras generally

use a Bayer mask

presented the filter pattern which is 25% red, 50%

green and 25% blue

based from Bryce Bayers patent used twice as many

green elements to copy the physiology of the human
retina which is most sensitive to green light

Remi Jean, Demosaicing with the Bayer Pattern,

Edge Detection: Indrajeet Kumar et al

presented edge detection as one of the most important

techniques that have been commonly implemented in image
processing

compared the advantages and disadvantages of the various

edge detectors

presented Sobel edge detection exhibits best performance

under noisy conditions as gradient-based algorithms
Indrajeet Kumar, Jyoti Rawat and Dr. H.S. Bhadauria, A Conventional Study
of Edge Detection Technique in Digital Image Processing International Journal
of Computer Science and Mobile Computing , Vol. 3, Issue 4, page 328-334, April
2014
Sobel Edge Detection: Daniel Kim

investigated the strengths and weaknesses of Sobel

Operator and Canny Edge Operator

Sobel Edge Detection: S. Gupta et al

presented the smoothing effect of Sobel to the

random noise of the image

Daniel Kim , Sobel Operator and Canny Edge Detector , 2013

Samta Gupta, and Susmita Ghosh Mazumdar, Sobel Edge Detection
Algorithm, International Journal of Computer Science and Management
Research, Vol. 2, Issue 2, Feb 2013
Background Subtraction: D Stalin Alex et al

presented the background subtraction as widely

used algorithm for detecting the moving objects
from static cameras

presented the main advantage: easy to implement,

fast, effective detection and can provide the
complete feature of the target

D Stalin Alex and Dr. Amitabh Wahi, BSFD: Background Subtraction Frame
Difference Algorithm for Moving Object Detection and Extraction, Journal of
Theoretical and Applied Information Technology, Vol. 60, No. 3, Feb. 28 2014
Edge Thinning: Kamaljeet Kaur et al

considered edge thinning as one of the most

frequently used methods to know the geometrical
feature of the objects

presented the edge thinning applied in the

preprocessing stage to analyze higher level
recognition that preserves the edge information

Kamaljeet Kaur and Mukesh Sharma, A Method in Binary Image

Thinning using Gradient and Watershed Algorithm, International Journal on
Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering, Vol. 3,
Issue 1, January 2013
Erosion:
https://www.cs.auckland.ac.nz/courses/compsci773s1c/lectures/Im
ageProcessing-html/topic4.htm

considered erosion as one of the algorithms that

removes the imperfections due to noise

introduced the fundamental operations of erosion

https://www.cs.auckland.ac.nz/courses/compsci773s1c/lectures/Ima
geProcessing-html/topic4.htm
Feature Extraction: Dong ping Tian

introduced that color is one of the most important

features of images

proposed a number of important color features like

color histogram, color moments, color coherence
vector and color correlogram

introduced that color moments is one of the simplest

yet very effective features
Dong ping Tian, A Review on Image Feature and Representation
Techniques, International Journal of Multimedia and Ubiquitous
Engineering, Vol. 8, No. 4, July 2013
Support Vector Machine (SVM): Vojtech Franc et al

presented that SVM is one of the most used and best

studied machine learning models

capable of giving high performance classification

accuracy as compared to other classifiers

stated that SVM avoids attributes in greater numeric

ranges and some numerical difficulties during
calculations
Vojtech Franc, Alex Zien and Bernhard Scholkopf, Support Vector
Machine as Probalistic Models, 2011
Object Recognition: Lim Siong Boon et al

proposed method to track human movement using

the color of humans clothing

demonstrated the potential of camera in capturing

important aspects of the objects such as its color,
motion, texture and shape

concluded that the color has more advantages in

tracking application

Lim Sion Boon and Dr Chua Chin Seng, Tracking and Surveillance Urop
Report, Nanyang Technology University, 2005
Object Recognition: M. Marzouk

proposed a modification to the background

subtraction algorithm for motion detection
surveillance system

proposed modification gave a better accurracy by

removing the unwanted objects in the frames in
order to increase the amount of information gained

M. Marzouk Modified Background Subtraction Algorithm for Motion

Detection in Surveillance Systems, Journal of American Arabic Academy for
Sciences and Technology, 1(2): 112-123, 2010
Object Recognition: R. Muralidharan et al

presented SVM based object recognition using the

moment invariant features

proposed method is implemented with testing and

training images

concluded that SVM classifier performs well and

provides high recognition rate compared to other
method
R. Muralidharan and Dr. C. Chandrasekar, Object Recognition Using
Support Vector Machine Augmented by RST Invariants, International Journal
of Computer Science Issues, Vol. 8, No. 5, September 2011
Textile Analysis: Esther Hu et al
matching of the input image to those in the database
is based on four main properties of clothing images:
texture, outline, feature and color

matching is accomplished by a scoring system

images with the highest scores are selected and

presented to the users

E. Hsu, C. Paz, and S. Shen, Clothing Image Retrieval for Smart Shopping,
Technical Report, Stanford University, 2011.
 Proposed Method
Image Acquisition

Images in Green Component

Edge Detection

Background Subtraction

Edge Thinning

Masking

Erosion

Image Classification

Outline of the Project Image Processing Algorithms

 Images Acquisition
 Images in Green Component
 Edge Detection
 Edge Detection
 Background Subtraction
 First Edge Thinning
 Second Edge Thinning
 Vertical Masking
 Vertical Masking
 Vertical Masking
 Vertical Masking
 Horizontal Masking
 Horizontal Masking
 Horizontal Masking
 Horizontal Masking
 Erosion
Subjects in a Controlled Environment

placing the camera in fixed position and fixed

angle
Execution Time

Region of Interest
Execution Time

Computer Specifications:

Processor: Intel(R) Core(TM) i3-2370M CPU @

2.40GHz
Memory: 4096 MB RAM
Operating System: Windows 7 Professional 64-
bit (6.1, Build 7601)
DirectX Version: DirectX 11
Graphics: 1024 MB DDR3
Total Memory: 1696 MB
Execution Time
Total Elapsed Time 185877125280

Number of frames 2851

processed

Total time (nanoseconds) 1.04483E+11

Average Speed 27.28676049 frames/second

Execution Time at Maximum Distance

Execution Time
Total Elapsed Time 305067302533

Number of frames 4626

processed

Total time (nanoseconds) 1.69277E+11

Average Speed 27.32792314 frames/second

Execution Time at 286" Distance from Starting Point

 Gender Attire Detection

Subject
= Female = Male U=Uniform C=Civilian =Correct X=Wrong

RESULTS AND Subject 1

Subject 2


C

DISCUSSION Subject 3 C
Subject 4 C

Feature Subject 5

Subject 6


C

Classification Subject 7

Subject 8

U
C
X

Subject 9 U X

Subject 10 U X

Subject 11 U X

Detection at Subject 12 U

143" Distance
Subject 13 U

Subject 14 C

Subject 15 C

Subject 16 C

Subject 17 C X

Subject 18 C X

Subject 19 C

Subject 20 U

Subject 21 U

Accuracy 15/21 71.43%

 Gender Attire Detection

Subject
= Female = Male U=Uniform C=Civilian =Correct X=Wrong

RESULTS AND Subject 1

Subject 2


C

DISCUSSION Subject 3 C
Subject 4 C

Feature Subject 5

Subject 6


C

Classification Subject 7

Subject 8

U
C
X

Subject 9 U X

Subject 10 U

Subject 11 U

Detection at
Subject 12 U

Subject 13 U

286" Distance Subject 14 C

Subject 15 C

Subject 16 C

Subject 17 C

Subject 18 C

Subject 19 C

Subject 20 U

Subject 21 U

Accuracy 19/21 90.48%

 More subjects to be included in the training set

Fix installation of the camera

Real-time processing

Open environment

Group of subjects
THANK YOU SO MUCH