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Settling Basin

The document discusses the design of settling basins. It provides definitions and sketches of key components of settling basins including desilting chambers. It also discusses parameters like flushing discharge rates, desirable velocities in the basin, size of sediment to be removed, and formulas for calculating basin dimensions based on these factors. Finally, it summarizes various models that have been proposed for calculating the sediment removal efficiency of settling basins based on dimensions and flow properties.

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Sharath Chandra
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531 views17 pages

Settling Basin

The document discusses the design of settling basins. It provides definitions and sketches of key components of settling basins including desilting chambers. It also discusses parameters like flushing discharge rates, desirable velocities in the basin, size of sediment to be removed, and formulas for calculating basin dimensions based on these factors. Finally, it summarizes various models that have been proposed for calculating the sediment removal efficiency of settling basins based on dimensions and flow properties.

Uploaded by

Sharath Chandra
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© © All Rights Reserved
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SETTLING BASIN

Definition sketch of settling basin


.
PLAN AND L-SECTION OF DESILTING CHAMBER
.
CROSS SECTION OF DESILTING CHAMBER
.
DETAILS OF SILT FLUSHING DUCT
.

View of the desilting


chamber in upper part

Downstream view of
the desilting
chamber
1. Flushing Discharge

about 20 to 30 % of intake discharge

Flushing Q Intake Q
Yamuna Hydel 24% 310 m3/s
Maneri Bhali-I 29% 99 m3/s
Maneri Bhali-II 26% 192 m3/s
Binwa (HP) 19% 4 m3/s
Bhabha (HP) 19% 21.2 m3/s
2. Velocity in the Basin

Mosonyi: desirable velocity 0.4 to 0.6 m/s more velocity results in


more length of basin.

Nigam: 0.35 m/s

Old basin = 0.2 to 0.3 m/s a very low velocity and large x-section lead
to hydraulic short circuit.

Camp U (m/s) a d (mm)


d = maximum size of sediment to be removed
a = 0.36 for d > 1mm
a = 0.44 for 1mm > d > 0.1mm
a = 0.51 for 0.1 mm > d
Varshney (1985) for Himalayan rivers
a = 0.55 for d > 1mm
a = 0.66 for 1mm > d > 0.1mm
a = 0.77 for 0.1 mm > d
3. Size of Sediment to be removed

generally 0.15 mm size

4. Basin Dimensions

Q = BDU (1)

(D = Depth of flow in basin; B = Width of basin)


w = fall velocity in stagnant water.

Settling time t = D / w

Length of basin, L = Ut = UD / w (2)

For known Q, w,U and assumed value of D, calculate L and B from Eqs.
(1) and (2). 20% increase in length is recommended to account for effect
of turbulence on fall velocity (Ranga Raju & Garde 2000)
Fall velocity in flowing water is different than the stagnant water, Mosonyi
proposed fall velocity in flowing water = w w

Levin
w U
0.132

D( m )
DU D1.5 U
thus L 0.5
w - w D w 0.132 U

gives often long length of basins


.

Fall velocity of spherical particles (relative density = 2.65 ) in water


Sediment Removal Efficiency .

Camp (1944) and Dobbin (1944)

For known value of L, D, U, w,


and Mannings roughness
coefficient, one can calculate
efficiency = (1-qse/qsi)

qse = outgoing sediment load

qsi = incoming sediment load

Camp and Dobbins relation for efficiency of settling basin


Sumer (1977)

Proposed the following relationship for


efficiency

u * L
ln(1 )
15UD

may be read from the graph. (u*= shear


velocity in the basin)

Sumers relation between and


USBR

wL

1 e UD
Garde et al. (1990)

Proposed the following


relationship for efficiency

0 1 e kL / D

k and 0 may be read from the


graph. (u*= shear velocity in the
basin)

Ranga Raju et al. (1999) Variation of k and o with w/u*

Found that the following equation yields better results than above equation when
w/u*<2.5:
0.23 0.98
w
0.81
LB D1/ 6
11.7
U n g
Bc D c
Dc and Bc are depth of flow and bed width of the approach channel, respectively
DATA OF SOME EXISTING BASINS (after Ranga Raju & Garde 2000)
Basin with hoppers used on river Yamuna
(a) Longitudinal section (b) Plan, (c) X-section
.

Recommended geometry for vanes at a basin entry for 2:1 expansion


(After Atkinson 1992)

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