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Business Technology Chapter 1

This chapter introduces information systems and their importance. It discusses (1) reasons for studying information systems like career opportunities and managing information resources, (2) types of computer-based systems used in organizations and how they support different levels of employees, and (3) how information technology impacts organizations and society through changes to jobs and increased automation.

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423 views

Business Technology Chapter 1

This chapter introduces information systems and their importance. It discusses (1) reasons for studying information systems like career opportunities and managing information resources, (2) types of computer-based systems used in organizations and how they support different levels of employees, and (3) how information technology impacts organizations and society through changes to jobs and increased automation.

Uploaded by

ND
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 1

Introduction to
information systems

Prepared by Mustafa Ally


University of Southern
Queensland
Chapter outline

1.1 Why should I study information


systems?
1.2 Overview of computer-based
information
systems
1.3 How does IT impact organisations?
1.4 Why are information systems important
to
society?
Learning objectives

1. Identify the reasons why being an informed


user of information systems is important in
todays world.
2. Describe the various types of computer-based
information systems in an organisation.
3. Discuss ways in which information technology
can affect managers and non-managerial
workers.
4. Identify positive and negative societal effects
of the increased use of information technology.
Introduction

Opening Case: Kogan Technologies (


www.kogan.com.au)
Is Information Technology (IT) the same as
Information System (IS)?
IT refers to computer-based tools that
support data-processing.
IS utilises IT to collect, process, store,
analyse, and disseminate information for
a specific purpose.
1.1 Why should I study
information
systems?
You are Homo conexus, the most
connected generation in history
In what ways do you stay connected?
You practice continuous computing
You are surrounded by a personal,
movable digital network that allows you
retrieve and share information from
anywhere at anytime.
1.1 Why should I study
information
systems?
Three reasons why you should learn about
ISs and ITs:
1. To become an informed user
2. To explore career opportunities in IT
3. To take part in managing information
resources
The informed useryou!

Informed user
A person knowledgeable about information
systems and information technology
An informed user
Benefits more from an organisations IT
resources
Helps enhance IT resources with his/her
input
Recommends new/adapted IT resources
The informed useryou!

Keeps up with IT
development/updates/security
Improves overall organisational
effectiveness
Rate yourself as an informed IT user.
(0 = Know nothing; 10 = Know
everything)
IT offers career opportunities

The people who are able to make sense


of (digital data) information, market
products to customers online and use their
digital expertise are in demand.
news.com.au
Hot job titles include: IT project
manager, business analyst, digital
marketing manager, mobile app
developer, JavaScript developer and
almost anyone with IT knowledge.
IT offers career opportunities

See Figure 1.1


for IT positions and job descriptions
Which one requires the most
experience?
What skills are required for each
position?
Figure 1.2 IT jobs
Figure 1.2 IT jobs cont.
Managing information resources

Managing information systems is a


complex task.
Information systems have significant
strategic value to organisations.
Information systems are expensive to
acquire, operate, and maintain.
Managing information resources

Computing resources are located


throughout the organisation, requiring
collaboration between MIS and
functional departments.
See Figure 1.3 (The changing role of the IS
department)
In what ways have you used the
services of your MIS department in its
new consultative role?
1.2 Overview of computer-based
information systems
Key terms:
Data
Information
Knowledge

What are examples of data, information, and


knowledge?
Computer-Based
Information System (CBIS)

Figure 1.5
IT infrastructure
Figure 1.6 IS capabilities
Figure 1.7
Integration of IT components
Organisational
information systems
Application or application programs
(app)
A computer program designed to
support a specific task
Departmental information system
Functional area information system
(FAIS)
A collection of application programs
in a single department
Figure 1.8
IS among multiple organisations
Breadth of support
of information systems
Functional support within the organisation
Within a department
Functional area information systems
(FAISs)
Accounting and finance systems, Sales
automation, Human resources information
systems, etc.
Entire organisation
Enterprise resource planning (ERP)
systems
Coordinate and share data across multiple
FAISs
Breadth of support
of information systems
Transaction processing systems (TPSs)
Monitor, collect, store, and process data
from the organisations basic
transactions that generate data
Interorganisational information systems (IOSs)
Customer relationship management
(CRM) system
Supply chain management (SCM) system
E-commerce
Support for
organisational employees
Office automation systems (OASs):
Develop documents (word processing),
schedule resources (electronic calendars),
and support communication (e-mail, voice
mail, videoconferencing, and groupware)
FAISs: Summarise data and prepare
reports
Business intelligence (BI) systems:
Support complex, non-routine decisions
Support for
organisational employees cont.
Expert systems (ESs): Attempt to duplicate
the work of human experts by applying
reasoning capabilities, knowledge, and
expertise within a specific domain
Dashboards (or digital dashboards): Provide
fast access to information for decision making

Identify information systems used by each


group of employees:
Clerical workers, lower-level managers, middle
managers, executives, knowledge workers
Table 1.1
Organisational IS types
1.3 How does IT impact
organisations?
IT will reduce the number of middle managers
because it helps managers be more productive
IT will change the managers job because it
changes how managers make decisions
Will IT eliminate jobs?
What do you think?
IT impacts employees at work
Loss of identity
Health and safety
1.3 How does IT impact
organisations?
cont.
Job stress and ergonomic issues
Opportunities for people with disabilities
Speech- and vision-recognition
systems
Adaptive equipment and devices for
computers
1.4 Why are information systems
important to society?
IT affects our quality of life
Expanded work hours and flexibility
Always on constant call
Robot revolution on the way
Why use robots?
In the home (iRobot)
1.4 Why are information systems
important to society? cont.
Improvements in health care
Better and faster diagnoses
More accurate patient monitoring
Long-distance surgery and medical
discussions
Dangers of self-diagnosis
Whats in IT for me?

Accounting and Finance


Use IT systems in forecasting, determining
best sources and uses of funds, and auditing
Marketing
Performs various analyses regarding
product, price, site, and promotion
Production/Operations Management
Design and manufacture products, process
customer orders, develop production
schedules,
Whats in IT for me? cont.

control inventory levels, and monitor product


quality
Human Resources Management
Manage the recruiting process, analyse and
screen job applicants, hire new employees.
Help employees manage their careers,
compensation, and benefits, administer
performance tests, and monitor productivity
MIS
Provides information and IT support to other
functional areas
Chapter summary

This chapter focused on


The importance of being an informed
user
The various types of CBISs in an
organisation
The impact of IT on managerial and non-
managerial workers
The impact of IT on society

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