Transport Layer Protocol
Transport Layer Protocol
Laxmi
Balami
Smarika
Manandhar
Ayush
Rajbhandar
i
Karun
Shakya
Introducing Protocol
What is “Protocol”?
In client server
application, project
leaders, architects and
developers must
understand the protocols
available, what they mean
and how they differ in
features and capacity.
Some of the protocols
TCP/IP
The Internet Protocol (IP)
is a data oriented protocol
XNS (Xerox Network System) used for communicating
data across a packet
IPX (Internetwork Packet switched internetwork.
Exchange)
IP is a network layer
Addressing
refers to how
end host are
assigned IP
addresses.
IP routing is
performed by
all hosts, but
most
importantly by
internetwork
routers.
Types of Routing
Transmission of
datagram from one
computer
directly to another
Direct on the same
Routing physical network.
Routing
Indirect
RoutingDestination
host is not on same
network.
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
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TCP PORT NUMBER AND SOCKET
PAIRS
Port
End points for a network communication allow different
applications on the same computer to utilize network
resources without interfering with each other
For example, a person visits on the Internet and use a URL like the
following: http://www.mairie-metz.fr:8080/ the number 8080 refers to
the port number used by the Web browser to connect to the Web server
In IP networking, port
numbers can
theoretically range
from 0 to 65535.
These facilitate the WWW services are HTTP in turn uses services
operation of the provided through provided by lower-level
applications that users run the Hypertext Transfer protocols. All of these
to make use of the power Protocol (HTTP), a details are of course hidden
of the Internet and other TCP/IP application layer from the end users, which
TCP/IP networks. protocol. is entirely on purpose!
The TCP/IP Client/Server
Structural Model
An important defining characteristic of
TCP/IP services is that they primarily operate
in the client/server structural model.
A “server” is usually a
very high-powered
machine dedicated to
A “client” computer is responding to client
usually something like a requests, sitting in a
PC or Macintosh computer room
The terms “client” and computer used by an somewhere that nobody
“server” usually refer to individual, and but its administrator
the primary roles played primarily initiates ever sees.
by networked hardware. conversations by
sending requests.
Software Roles:
Client software
is usually found
As mentioned on client
earlier, TCP/IP A Web browser hardware and
uses different is a piece of server software
pieces of client software, on server
software for while Web hardware,
many protocols server software but not always.
to implement is completely Some devices
“client” and different. may run both
“server” roles. client and
server
software.
Transactional Roles:
In any exchange of
information, the client is
normally the device that
initiates communication or
sends a query; the server
responds, usually providing
information. Again, usually the
client software on a client
device initiates the transaction,
but this is not always the case.
So, in a typical organization there will be many
smaller individual computers designated “clients”,
and a few larger ones that are “servers”. The
servers normally run server software, and the
clients run client software. But servers can also be
set up with client software, and clients with server
software.
Bye Bye