SEMINAR ON
LASER
MICROMACHINING
Seminar Guide- BY
Dr. T.U. Siddiqui
Co-guide-Mr. Anil chaurasiya
Vineet Tripathi 12ME08
Department of mechanical engineering
Faculty of Engineering and Technology
M.J.P. Rohilkhand University, Bareilly
Nov,2015
Contents:
Introduction
Working principle
Classification
Application
Advantage and disadvantage
Safety
References
Introduction
Laser micromachining: cutting,
drilling, welding, or other
modification in order to achieve
small features.
Micro machining implies that
parts are made to the size of 1 to
999 m. However Micro also Micro pattern
machined on a steel
means very small in the fields of plate in
machining, manufacture of small less than 0.5 seconds
Source-
https://engineering.purdue.edu/L
parts are not easy. AMPL/research_micro
%20machining.html
Continued...
Lasers have been in use in
various industrial sectors such
as the automotive and
aerospace industries for many
years performing cutting,
welding and materials
processing tasks.
Working Principle
The laser beam is focused onto the work piece and can be
moved relative to it.
The laser machining process is controlled by switching the
laser on and off, changing the laser pulse energy and other
laser parameters and by positioning either the work piece or
the laser focus.
A laser machine consists of the laser, mirrors for beam
guidance, a focusing optic and a positioning system.
Setup of laser micromaching
Continued...
Components use in laser micromaching
Continued...
Laser is emitted from the source is passed through the
energy attenuator. After it is passed through the beam
homogenizer to homogenize the beam.
The target illuminator and machine vision controls the
beam to the focusing lens. The lens is moved by precision
motion stages. The beam is then falls on the work piece and
the machining takes place.
Types of Laser Micro
Machining
Continued...
Process Parameters Effect
Wavelength, Feature size
Focal length of lens
Beam shape Feature shape
Beam energy, Size of heat affected
Pulse width zone
Depth of focus Aspect ratio
DIFFERENT TYPE OF LASER AND
THEIR USES IN INDUSTRY
APPLICAT
APPLICAT IONION LASER
LASER TYPE
TYPE
Cutting
Cutting
Metals
Metals PCO
PCO22;; CWCO
CWCO 22;; Nd:YAG;
Nd:YAG; ruby
ruby
Plastics
Plastics CWCO
CWCO22
Ceramics
Ceramics PCO
PCO22
Drilling
Drilling
Metals
Metals PCO
PCO22;; Nd:YAG;
Nd:YAG; Nd:glass;
Nd:glass; ruby
ruby
Plastics
Plastics Excimer
Excimer
Marking
Marking
Metals
Metals PCO
PCO22;; Nd:YAG
Nd:YAG
Plastics
Plastics Excimer
Excimer
Ceramics
Ceramics Excimer
Excimer
Surface
Surface treatment
treatment (metals)
(metals) CWCO
CWCO22
Welding (metals)
Welding (metals) PCO
PCO22;; CWCO
CWCO 22;; Nd:YAG;
Nd:YAG; Nd:glass;
Nd:glass; ruby
ruby
Note:
Note: P
P== pulsed,
pulsed, CW
CW =
= continuous
continuous wave.
wave.
SCANNING ELECTRON
MICROSCOPE IMAGES
SEM images of micro-trenches formed Fabrication of Micro Structures on Metals
by laser micromachining at different by Femtosecond Laser
focus offset plane. Micromachining(SEM)
Source-www.intchopen.com Source-www.mdpi.com
HEAT AFFECTED ZONE IN LONG-PLUSE
LASER AND ULTRSHORT-PLUSE LASER
Applications
For drilling micro holes, laser beam drilling technique
is used.
High speed drilling Cutting of 1mm 100m wide v-
of 20m holes in tube grooves
50m thick foil
Continued...
(a) (b
100 um holes drilled in 75mm high-density )
polyethylene with (a) a
twist drill bit (b) a KrF laser.
Source-://www.exitech.co.ukhttp
Continued...
Laser Micro machining technique finds application in the
manufacture of micro channels and micro holes in integrated
chips and microchips.
Micro holes on integrated chips Micro channels on integrated chips
Continued...
Surface micro machining is characterized by the
fabrication of micro mechanical structures from thin
deposited thin films.
Continued...
Used in machining threads in a single polyfibre and
also used to give taper to the fiber.
Advantages
Easy capability of being automated
Straightforward process monitoring
Forceless and contactless machining
Minor heat-affected zone
Marginal modifications to the microstructure
High flexibility regarding design of tiny structures
High machining speed
High precision
Constant machining quality
No additional tooling costs by wear
No solvent chemicals used
Material removal rate controllable down to the nanometer scale
Disadvantages
The equipment required for micro machining is very costly
than other cutting processes.
Need highly skilled persons to operate micro machining
systems.
Material limitations (including crystalline and reflective
materials)
Reflected laser light can present a safety hazard
Safety
High intensity ultraviolet
and infrared light hazardous
to the eyes (cornea) and
skin
During normal operation
of the equipment
Interlocked protective
housing is must.
Required safety labels,
inspections and record
keeping.
Mechanical safety
Large motion control systems may pose mechanical
hazards to people
Mechanical guards
Machine must be checked regularly
Electrical safety
Lethal high voltages in the laser head
Electrical safety covers
Qualified service personnel only
Material safety
Toxic and corrosive fluorine and chlorine gases
Compressed gas cylinders need proper handling
Conclusion
Micro machining technology not only provides a new
manufacturing route for existing products, but also
allows the creation of completely new products.
The surface micro machining technology
predominates at the present state & this trend will
continue in the future.
Nano is the buzz word of the moment. Thus the
transition from Micro-Electro-Mechanical-Systems
(MEMS) to Nano-Electro-Mechanical systems (NEMS)
is taking place in present technology
References
Advancements in Laser Micro machining Techniques- By
Nadeem Rizvi and Paul Apte.
Laser Micromachining By Udo Klotzbach, Andres
Fabian Lasagni, Michael Panzner and Volker Franke.
www.resonetics.com
Internet(Wikipedia, Google etc)
www.mdpi.com
www.extich.co.in
www.itechopen.com
http://www.springer.com
Thanks for
Listening!!
