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Lim Lim Exists: Review of Lecture On 28 Aug 2013 Chapter 4 Series

The document summarizes key concepts from a lecture on infinite series: - An infinite series converges if the sum of its terms has a finite limit as the number of terms approaches infinity. - Geometric series converge if the common ratio r is between -1 and 1. - Some important convergent series include the Taylor series expansion for pi/2 and p-series which converge if p>1. - The ratio test can determine if a series converges or diverges by taking the limit of the ratio of successive terms - if the limit is less than 1 the series converges, greater than 1 it diverges.

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35 views8 pages

Lim Lim Exists: Review of Lecture On 28 Aug 2013 Chapter 4 Series

The document summarizes key concepts from a lecture on infinite series: - An infinite series converges if the sum of its terms has a finite limit as the number of terms approaches infinity. - Geometric series converge if the common ratio r is between -1 and 1. - Some important convergent series include the Taylor series expansion for pi/2 and p-series which converge if p>1. - The ratio test can determine if a series converges or diverges by taking the limit of the ratio of successive terms - if the limit is less than 1 the series converges, greater than 1 it diverges.

Uploaded by

lzyabc597
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Review of Lecture on 28 Aug 2013

Chapter 4 Series
(A)Infinite sum (series)

a
k 1

lim
a

k
n
k 1

lim
ak exists
Infinite sum exists (series

n
k 1
converges) if
(B) Geometric series
n
(GP)

n
a
a (1 r )
k 1
k 1

ar
k 1

lim
ar
n
k 1

If r 1, then

lim
n

1 r

k 1
ar
is divergent

k 1

1 r

if r 1

(C) Some interesting series

1 1 1

1 2 2 2 ...
2 3 4
12
2

(D) Another Important Series


p-series

1
n

diverges

0p1

converges

p>1

Idea of the proof

1
y
x

1
y p
x

1 1
1
1 ... dx
2 3
1 x

1 1 1
1
p p ... p dx
p
2 3 4
1 x

p 1

)To find the exact value of a given series is not easy


However whether the given series
is convergent or not is important.
Often, we can determine that a series converges
without knowing the exact value to which it converg
There are several methods checking the
convergence of a series .
However , in this module, we only study
one method, ratio test. This test can be
applied to many series. But Not all series
can be tested by ratio test, we need other
tests, which we do not study here.

(G) Ratio Test

Then

converges

if < 1

the series
diverges
No conclusion can be drawn

if > 1
if = 1
6

(G) Finding limit in the ratio test

2n 10
2 10 / n 2
lim
lim

n
n
3n 1
3 1/ n 3
(n 1)(2n 3)
(1 1/ n)(2 3 / n)
2
lim
lim

n
n
(4n 5)(7 n 4)
(4 5 / n)(7 4 / n) 28
(n 1)(2n 3)
(2n 2 5n 3)
lim

lim
2
n
n
(4n 5)(7 n 4)
(28n 51n 20)
(2 5n / n 3 / n )
2
lim

2
2
n
(28 51n / n 20 / n ) 28
2

3(5 ) 100
3(1/ 5) 100 / 5
lim
lim
n 1
n
(7)(5 ) 6 n (7) 6 / 5n1
n

n 1

3(1/ 5)

n2
n2 / n2
1
lim

lim

lim

1
2
2
2
2
n
n
n
(n 1)
(n 1) / n
(1 1/ n)
(2n)!
an
n!n!

an1
1
[2(n 1)]! n!n!
an1
an
an (n 1)!(n 1)! (2n)!
(2n 2)(2n 1)(2n)! n!n!

(n 1)n!(n 1)n! (2n)!


(2n 2)(2n 1) 2(2n 1)

(n 1)(n 1)
(n 1)

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