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Chapter 1 Measurements: 1.1 Units of Measurement

Units of Measurement

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Esmira Melić Šutković
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73 views24 pages

Chapter 1 Measurements: 1.1 Units of Measurement

Units of Measurement

Uploaded by

Esmira Melić Šutković
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 1

Measurements

1.1
Units of Measurement

Copyright 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc.


Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Measurement
You make a measurement every
time you

measure your height.


read your watch.
take your temperature.
weigh a cantaloupe.

Copyright 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc.


Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Measurement in Chemistry
In chemistry we

measure quantities.
do experiments.
calculate results.
use numbers to report
measurements.
compare results to
standards.

Copyright 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc.


Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Measurement
In a measurement

a measuring tool is used


to compare some
dimension of an object
to a standard.

of the thickness of the


skin fold at the waist,
calipers are used.

Copyright 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc.


Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Stating a Measurement
In every measurement, a number is followed by a unit.
Observe the following examples of measurements:
Number and Unit
35
m
0.25
L
225
lb
3.4
hr

The Metric System (SI)


The metric system or SI (international system) is

a decimal system based on 10.

used in most of the world.

used everywhere by scientists.

Units in the Metric System


In the metric and SI systems, one unit is used for each
type of measurement:
Measurement
Length
Volume
Mass
Time
Temperature

Metric
meter (m)
liter (L)
gram (g)
second (s)
Celsius (C)

SI
meter (m)
cubic meter (m3)
kilogram (kg)
second (s)
Kelvin (K)

Length Measurement

Length

is measured using a
meter stick.

uses the unit of meter


(m) in both the metric
and SI systems.

Copyright 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc.


Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Inches and Centimeters

The unit of an inch is


equal to exactly 2.54
centimeters in the metric
(SI) system.
1 in. = 2.54 cm

Copyright 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc.


Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Volume Measurement
Volume

is the space occupied by a


substance.

uses the unit liter (L) in


metric system.

1 L = 1.057 qt

uses the unit m3(cubic


meter) in the SI system.

is measured using a
graduated cylinder.
Copyright 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

10

Mass Measurement
The mass of an object

is the quantity of material it


contains.
is measured on a balance.
uses the unit gram (g) in the
metric system.
uses the unit kilogram (kg) in
the SI system.
Copyright 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

11

Temperature Measurement
The temperature of a substance

indicates how hot or cold it is.

is measured on the Celsius


(C) scale in the metric
system.

on this thermometer is 18C


or 64F.

in the SI system uses the


Kelvin (K) scale.
Copyright 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

12

Time Measurement
Time measurement

uses the unit second(s)


in both the metric and SI
systems.

is based on an atomic
clock that uses a
frequency emitted by
cesium atoms.
Copyright 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

13

Learning Check
For each of the following, indicate whether the unit
describes 1) length 2) mass or 3) volume.
____ A.

A bag of tomatoes is 4.6 kg.

____ B.

A person is 2.0 m tall.

____ C.

A medication contains 0.50 g aspirin.

____ D.

A bottle contains 1.5 L of water.


14

Solution
For each of the following, indicate whether the unit
describes 1) length 2) mass or 3) volume.
2

A. A bag of tomatoes is 4.6 kg.

B. A person is 2.0 m tall.

C. A medication contains 0.50 g aspirin.

D. A bottle contains 1.5 L of water.

15

Learning Check
Identify the measurement that has an SI unit.
A. Johns height is
1) 1.5 yd.
2) 6 ft .
3) 2.1 m.
B. The race was won in
1) 19.6 s.
2) 14.2 min.

3) 3.5 hr.

C. The mass of a lemon is


1) 12 oz.
2) 0.145 kg.

3) 0.6 lb.

D. The temperature is
1) 85C.
2) 255 K.

3) 45F.
16

Solution
A. Johns height is
3) 2.1 m.
B. The race was won in
1) 19.6 s.
C. The mass of a lemon is
2) 0.145 kg.
D. The temperature is
2) 255 K.
17

Scientific Notation
Scientific notation

is used to write very large


or very small numbers.

for the width of a human


hair of 0.000 008 m is
written 8 x 10-6 m.

of a large number such


as 4 500 000 s is written
4.5 x 106 s.

Copyright 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc.


Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

18

Some Powers of Ten

19

Comparing Numbers in Standard


and Scientific Notation
Here are some numbers written in standard format
and in scientific notation.
Number in
Number in
Standard Format
Scientific Notation
Diameter of the Earth
12 800 000 m
1.28 x 107 m
Mass of a human
68 kg
6.8 x 101 kg
Length of a pox virus
0.000 03 cm
3 x 10-5 cm
20

Learning Check
Select the correct scientific notation for each.
A. 0.000 008
1) 8 x 106

2) 8 x 10-6

3) 0.8 x 10-5

B. 72 000
1) 7.2 x 104

2) 72 x 103

3) 7.2 x 10-4

21

Solution
Select the correct scientific notation for each.
A. 0.000 008
2) 8 x 10-6
B. 72 000
1) 7.2 x 104

22

Learning Check
Write each as a standard number.
A. 2.0 x 10-2
1) 200

2) 0.0020

3) 0.020

B. 1.8 x 105
1) 180 000

2) 0.000 018

3) 18 000

23

Solution
Write each as a standard number.
A. 2.0 x 10-2
3) 0.020
B. 1.8 x 105
1) 180 000

24

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