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Electronic Circuits and Systems

The document discusses the use of Laplace transforms to analyze electronic circuits. It introduces Laplace transforms as a way to solve differential equations that model electric circuits. Common circuit elements like resistors, capacitors, and inductors are described with their impedance representations in the s-domain or Laplace domain. Examples are provided to demonstrate how circuit diagrams can be converted to the s-domain and solved using Laplace transform properties and tables to find the transient responses of current and voltage over time.

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Jai Gaizin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
18 views

Electronic Circuits and Systems

The document discusses the use of Laplace transforms to analyze electronic circuits. It introduces Laplace transforms as a way to solve differential equations that model electric circuits. Common circuit elements like resistors, capacitors, and inductors are described with their impedance representations in the s-domain or Laplace domain. Examples are provided to demonstrate how circuit diagrams can be converted to the s-domain and solved using Laplace transform properties and tables to find the transient responses of current and voltage over time.

Uploaded by

Jai Gaizin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 19

Electronic Circuits

and Systems

Contents of this half of the


course

Laplace Transforms & transient analysis(1)


Basic circuit analysis(1)
Mesh analysis(1)
Nodal analysis(1)
2-port networks(1)

KEW 2005

Electronic Circuits
and Systems
Laplace Transforms and Transient
Analysis of Circuits

Transient Response

In some circuits, a steady state solution is not all that is


required:

Transients may be of sufficient amplitude to damage


parts of the circuit

In switched communication circuits the transients may


be of sufficient length to prevent accurate detection of
the signal

KEW 2005

The Step Response U (t )

1
0

This is the transient response most studied

Gives a picture of a systems natural, transient response


from which the response to other inputs can be deduced

Commonly occurs in digital circuits

KEW 2005

Modelling of Electric Circuits

An electric circuit can be modelled as a differential


equation

Finding the transient response involves solving a


differential equation

Laplace transforms provide a means of solving


differential equations

KEW 2005

S-plane Analysis The Laplace


Transform

The Laplace transform reduces the solution of linear


differential equations to the solution of linear algebraic
equations

KEW 2005

Procedure
Diff.Eq. in X(t)
Laplace
Transform
Algebraic
Equations
in X(s)
Solve
For X(s)
Inverse
Laplace
to give X(t)
KEW 2005

Definitions

Laplace Transform

L X (t ) X ( s ) X (t )e st dt

Inverse Laplace Transform

1 j
st
L X ( s ) X (t )
X
(
s
)
e
ds

2j
1

KEW 2005

Examples Unit step


U (t )

1
0

LU (t ) U (t )e st dt

st

1.e dt

0
s

st

1
LU (t )
s
1
L U (t )
s
1

KEW 2005

10

Examples Exponential
A
FunctionX (t ) Ae
at

L Ae

at

Ae at e st dt

Ae
X (s)

s
)

L Ae at

( a s )t

sa

A
sa

A
at
L

Ae
s a
1

KEW 2005

11

Laplace Transform Table


In addition to this table, this
lecture uses the standard
mapping:

KEW 2005

f (t )

F (s)
s

12

The Use of Laplace


Transforms in Circuit Analysis

KEW 2005

13

Example 1

Switch closed at t=0


Assuming zero initial conditions
find i (t )

R
+

V .U (t ) L

i (t )

di
Ri
dt

(after t=0)

V
L sI ( s ) i (0) RI ( s )
S
But here i(0) the initial current in the inductor must equal zero so...

V
( Ls R ) I ( s )
S

V
I (s)
s ( Ls R)

V 1 V
1

I ( s )
R s R sR L

V R
VL R (partial fraction)

s
( R sL)

R
t
V
i (t ) 1 e L
R

KEW 2005

(after t=0)

14

Example 2

Switch closed at t=0


Assuming zero initial conditions
find i (t )

R
+

unit step

i (t )

V (t ) U (t ).V Ri (t )

1
i (t ).dt

V CR
i (t ) e , t 0
R

Hence, solution will be of the form:

V/R
0

KEW 2005

15

S-domain impedance of L, C,
R
di

For an Inductor

(with zero initial current)

V L

dt

V ( s ) L.s.I ( s )

V (s)
Z ( s)
s.L
I ( s)

For a capacitor

1
V i.dt
C

(with zero initial current)

1 I (s)
V ( s)
C s

V ( s)
1
Z (s)

I ( s ) s.C
KEW 2005

16

S-domain impedance of L, C,
R (cont.)
Impedance of an Inductor

s.L

Impedance of a capacitor

s.C

Impedance of a resistor

KEW 2005

17

S-domain representation of
switched sources

Applying a D.C. source to a circuit by moving switch at


time t=0 is equivalent to applying a step function U(t) to
the circuit.

In the Laplace domain this transforms to 1/s

ie Voltage source V plus switch, is replaced by source V/s

KEW 2005

18

Example 3

Switch closed at t=0


Assuming zero initial conditions
find i (t )

2
+

1H

1V

i (t )
F

Transformed circuit becomes..

1
2
I ( s ).2 I ( s ). I ( s ).s
s
s

1
1
I (s) 2

s 2 s 2 ( s 1) 2 1

2
+

1/s

i (t ) e t sin t

I (s )
2/s
KEW 2005

19

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