SPEED
TURBINE CONTROL SYSTEM
General
Speed Signal
Droop Operation
Acceleration Control
Synchronizing
Isochronous Control
GENERAL
SPEED |spid|
noun
1 [ mass noun ] the rate at which someone or something moves or operates or is able to move
or operate
rapidity of movement or action: the accident was due to excessive speed.
An important part of start-up/shutdown control of the gas turbine is proper speed sensing.
Turbine speed is measured by magnetic speed pickups 77NH
Typical Speed detectors and speed relays are used;
1.
2.
3.
4.
L14HR - Zero Speed (approx. 0% speed)
L14HM - Minimum Speed (approx. 16% speed)
L14HA - Accelerating Speed (approx. 50% speed)
L14HS Operating Speed (approx. 95% speed)
The speed control system is designed to control speed and load of the turbine operating in
response to ATSS and CFSR. The control mode message is either DROOP SPEED or ISCOH
SPEED
Speed Signal
Three magnetic sensors are used to measure the speed of the turbine.
77NH1,2,3 , High output devices
The magnetic pickup are mounted in a ring around a 60toothed
wheel on the gas turbine compressor rotor.
The frequency of the voltage output in Hertz is exactly equal to the
speed of the turbine in revolutions per minute.
Output Voltage (Hz) = GTs rpm
The voltage output is affected by the clearance between;
The teeth of the wheel & The tip of the magnetic pickup 77NH
Tooth wheel & 77NH clearance = (approx. 0.05 inch or 1.27 mm). If
the clearance is not maintained within the specified limits, the pulse
signal can be distorted thereby turbine operates in response to
incorrect speed feedback signal.
The signal from the magnetic pickups is brought into the Mark VI
panel (analog input modules), one mag pickup to each controller
<RST>, where it is monitored by the speed control software.
L14HR (Zero Speed): This signal indicates the turbine shaft as started
or stopped rotating.
When the shaft speed is at zero speed, L14HR picks up and a permissive logic is
initiated thereby actuating the turning gear during automatic start-up sequence of
the turbine
L14HM (Minimum Speed): This signal indicates the turbine has
reached minimum firing speed and initiates the purge cycle prior to
the intro of Fuel and Ignition.
L14HA (Accelerating Speed): This signal indicates the turbine has
reached 50% speed, indicating start-up progression and certain
protective features are put in place
L14HS (Operating Speed): This signal indicates the turbine is at
speed and accelerating sequence is almost complete
The signal provides logic for several control sequences ( auxiliary oil pump stops,
starting of turbine shell/exhaust frame blowers
The Speed Control System Controls ;
The Speed
The Load of the gas turbine generator
In response to;
Actual Turbine Speed Signal and Called-For
Speed Reference.
BEN JOHNSON
DROOP OPERATION
Droop speed control is based on the fact that the power grid to which the
generator is connected, will hold a synchronous generator speed at grid
frequency.
Once the generator breakers are closed to the grid, speed is held relatively
constant at synchronous speed,
Fuel flow in excess needed to maintain full speed no load will result not
in increased speed, but increased power produced by the generator.
The SCS changes FSR(Fuel flow) in proportion to the difference btw
Actual Turbine Speed TNH TNR Called for Reference Speed
The TNR determines the load of the turbine.
Any change in the actually speed(grid frequency)TNH will cause a
proportionate change in unit load.
Load = (Speed Error x Gain ) + Offset
Offset : The Energy Flow-rate required to keep the generator
spinning at synchronous speed, which is rated frequency
Gain : How much Energy Flow-rate (Electrical Load) will change
for a given change in Speed Error.
Speed Error : TNH - TNR
Synchronizing
Speed does not change when load changes. The speed of a generator
that is synchronized to a grid with other generators is fixed by the
frequency of the grid with which it is connected.
The formula that relates speed (in RPM) and frequency is:
F = (P * N)/120
F = Frequency (in Hz)
P = Number of magnetic poles of generator rotor
N = Speed of the generator rotor (in RPM).
To produce a constant frequency, the generator must run at a constant
speed per the formula above. Any deviation from that speed would
cause the frequency to vary.
Generator (Rotor & Stator)
When a generator is being synchronized to the grid and phase angle and
speed (frequency) are being adjusted;
Gen Stator NP is been positioned, then attracts & holds SP of the Gen
rotor
Gen Rotor SP is been positioned, then attracts & holds NP of the Gen
stator
And the generator rotor is then "locked" into synchronism with the
"rotating" stator magnetic fields and can't spin any faster or slower than the
"rotating" stator magnetic fields they are attracted to.
This is called Synchronous speed, it can't spin any faster or any slower than
synchronous speed which all the other generators and their turbines are
also running at!
