JAVA PLACEMENT

QUESTIONS
What is a JVM?
What is the difference between a JDK
and a JVM?
What is difference between Path and
Classpath?
Path and Classpath areoperating
systemlevel environment variables. Path
is used define where the system can find
the executables(.exe) files and classpath is
used to specify the location .class files.

 What is Externalizable?
Externalizable is anInterfacethat extends Serializable
Interface. And sends data into Streams in Compressed
Format. It has two methods,writeExternal(ObjectOuput
out)andreadExternal(ObjectInput in)
Externalizable is an interface that enables you to define
custom rules and your own mechanism for serialization.
Serializable defines standard protocoland provides
serialization capabilities.
What is the Difference between JDK and JRE?
The JDK is the Java Development Kit. I.e., the JDK is bundle
of software that you can use to develop Java based software.
The JRE is the Java Runtime Environment. I.e., the JRE is an
implementation of the Java Virtual Machine which actually
executes Java programs.
Typically, each JDK contains one (or more) JREs along with
the various development tools like the Java source compilers,
bundling and deployment tools, debuggers, development
libraries, etc.

 QUESTION - What is byte code in the context

of Java?
-The type of code generated by a Java
compiler
-The type of code generated by a Java Virtual
Machine
-It is another name for a Java source file
-It is the code written within the instance
methods of a class.

 ANSWER - The type of code

generated by a Java compiler

 Are JVM's platform independent?

JVM's are not platform independent. JVM's
are platform specific run time
implementation provided by the vendor.
What is a pointer and does Java
support pointers?
Pointer is a reference handle to a memory
location. Improper handling of pointers leads
to memory leaks and reliability issues hence
Java doesn't support the usage of pointers.

7. What is the base class of all classes?

java.lang.Object
8. Does Java support multiple inheritance?
Java doesn't support multiple inheritance.
9. Is Java a pure object oriented language?
Java uses primitive data types and hence is not
a pure object oriented language.
10. Are arrays primitive data types?
In Java, Arrays are objects.
12. What are local variables?
Local variables are those which are declared
within a block of code like methods. Local
variables should be initialized before
accessing them.

13. What are instance variables?

Instance variables are those which are defined at the class level.
Instance variables need not be initialized before using them as
they are automatically initialized to their default values.
14. How to define a constant variable in Java?
The variable should be declared asstaticandfinal. So only one
copy of the variable exists for all instances of the class and the
value can't be changed also.
static final int MAX_LENGTH = 50;is an example for constant.
15. Should a main() method be compulsorily declared in all
java classes?
No not required.main()method should be defined only if the source
class is a java application.
16. What is the return type of the main() method?
Main()method doesn't return anything hence declaredvoid.
17. Why is the main() method declared static?
main()method is called by the JVM even before the instantiation of
the class hence it is declared asstatic.
18. What is the argument of main() method?
main()method accepts an array of String object as argument.

19. Can a main() method be overloaded?

Yes. You can have any number ofmain()methods with different
method signature and implementation in the class.
20. Can a main() method be declared final?
Yes. Any inheriting class will not be able to have it's own
defaultmain()method.
21. Does the order of public and static declaration matter
in main() method?
No. It doesn't matter butvoidshould always come beforemain().
22. Can a source file contain more than one class
declaration?
Yes a single source file can contain any number of Class
declarations but only one of the class can be declared as
public.
23. What is a package?
Package is a collection of related classes and interfaces. package
declaration should be first statement in a java class.
24. Which package is imported by default?
java.lang packageis imported by default even without a
package declaration.

25. Can a class declared as private be accessed outside it's

package?
Not possible.
26. Can a class be declared as protected?
The protected access modifier cannot be applied to class and
interfaces.
Methods, fields can be declaredprotected, however methods and
fields in a interface cannot be declaredprotected.
27. What is the access scope of a protected method?
Aprotectedmethod can be accessed by the classes within the same
package or by the subclasses of the class in any package.
28. What is the purpose of declaring a variable as final?
Afinalvariable's value can't be changed.finalvariables should be
initialized before using them.
29. What is the impact of declaring a method as final?
A method declared asfinalcan't be overridden. A sub-class can't
have the same method signature with a different implementation.
30. I don't want my class to be inherited by any other class.
What should i do?
You should declared your class asfinal. But you can't define your
class asfinal, if it is anabstractclass. A class declared
asfinalcan't be extended by any other class.

31. Can you give few examples of final classes

defined in Java API?
java.lang.String, java.lang.Matharefinalclasses.
32. How is final different from finally and
finalize()?
finalis a modifier which can be applied to a class or
a method or a variable.finalclass can't be
inherited,final method can't be overridden
andfinalvariable can't be changed.
finally is an exception handling code section which
gets executed whether an exception is raised or
not by the try block code segment.
finalize()is a method of Object class which will be
executed by the JVM just before garbage collecting
object to give a final chance for resource releasing
activity.

33. Can a class be declared as static?

We can not declare top level class as
static, but only inner class can be
declared static.
public class Test
{ static class InnerClass
{ public static void InnerMethod()
{ System.out.println("Static Inner
Class!");
}}
public static void main(String args[])
{ Test.InnerClass.InnerMethod(); } }
//output: Static Inner Class!

34. When will you define a method as static?

When a method needs to be accessed even before the
creation of the object of the class then we should
declare the method asstatic.
35. What are the restriction imposed on a static
method or a static block of code?
A static method should not refer to instance variables
without creating an instance and cannot use "this"
operator to refer the instance.
36. I want to print "Hello" even before main() is
executed. How will you achieve that?
Print the statement inside a static block of code. Static
blocks get executed when the class gets loaded into
the memory and even before the creation of an
object. Hence it will be executed before
themain()method. And it will be executed only once.

37. What is the importance of static variable?

static variables are class level variables where all
objects of the class refer to the same variable. If
one object changes the value then the change
gets reflected in all the objects.
38. Can we declare a static variable inside a
method?
Static variables are class level variables and they
can't be declared inside a method. If declared, the
class will not compile.
39. What is an Abstract Class and what is it's
purpose?
A Class which doesn't provide complete
implementation is defined as an abstract class.

Java Inner Class

Java inner classor nested class is a class i.e. declared inside
the class or interface.
We use inner classes to logically group classes and interfaces in
one place so that it can be more readable and maintainable.
Additionally, it can access all the members of outer class
including private data members and methods.
Syntax of Inner class
classJava_Outer_class{
//code
classJava_Inner_class{
//code
}
}

Advantage of java inner classes

There are basically three advantages of inner classes
in java. They are as follows:
1) Nested classes represent a special type of
relationship that isit can access all the members
(data members and methods) of outer
classincluding private.
2) Nested classes are usedto develop more
readable and maintainable codebecause it
logically group classes and interfaces in one place
only.
3)Code Optimization: It requires less code to write.

 Difference between nested class and

inner class in Java
Inner class is a part of nested class.
Non-static nested classes are known
as inner classes.

 Types of Nested classes

There are two types of nested
classes
non-static and
static nested classes.
The non-static nested classes are also
known as inner classes

classTestMemberOuter1{
privateintdata=30;
classInner{
voidmsg()
{System.out.println("datais"+data);}
}
publicstaticvoidmain(Stringargs[]){
TestMemberOuter1obj=newTestMemberOuter1(
);
TestMemberOuter1.Innerin=obj.newInner();
in.msg();
}
}
Output:
data is 30