Cooling System

Presented by
Mr. Shrikant Gupta
Senior Engineer CPE

Cooling System

An automotive cooling system must

perform several functions
1. Remove excess from the engine
2. Maintain a consist engine
temperature
3. Help a cold engine warm-up quickly
4. Provide a means of warming the
passenger compartment

Cooling System

Automotive cooling systems operate

around 180-212 degree F
Engine coolant is used to remove
heat from the cylinder to the
radiator where in is then dissipated.
Engine coolant mixture should be
approximately a 50/50 mixture of
coolant and water.

Cooling System

Water soluble oil is used as a lubricant

in all coolants systems components
Coolant uses lubricant in coolant to
lubricate the water pump.
Coolant is a mixture of water and
antifreeze. (Normally 50/50 mixture)
Some people refer to coolant as
antifreeze

Cooling System

An automotive radiator is used as a

heat exchanger.
Hot coolant from the engine is
transferred to the radiator and
cooler coolant is transfer to the
engine by heavy duty hoses.
There are two types of radiators

Cross flow and Down Flow

Cooling System

The cross-flow radiator is normally

shorter than a down flow allowing
for shorter hood lines.
A down-flow radiator is used on
larger vehicles that requires more
cooling capacity.

Cooling System

The components that make-up the

radiator is
1. Radiator core: center section of the
radiator
2. Radiator Tank: Medal or plastic end
that cove the ends of the core and
provide a coolant storage areas.

Cooling System

The thermostat is used to regulate the

flow of coolant thought-out the cooling
system.
It is very important to follow
manufacture instruction when
installing and automotive thermostat.
Installing a thermostat in the wrong
direction can cause sever engine
damage due to overheating.

Cooling System

To maintain proper engine

temperature a thermostat is used.
Modern engine operate at higher
operating temperature. Therefore
most modern thermostat open
around 195 degrees F
You should never operate a vehicle
without a thermostat.

Cooling System

Most cooling system use some type

cooling fan there are 3 types of fans
A. Electric fan
B. Clutch type fan
C. Flex fan

When checking a cooling system its

important to ensure that the fan is not
broken or;
A. Engine could vibrate excessively
B. Cause premature water pump
bearing failure
C. Overheating because not enough air
will be pulled through the radiator.

Cooling System

A flex fan is mounted to the front of

the engine and operates continually
when ever the engine is running.
A Clutch fan is also mounted to the
front of the engine but will only pull air
through the radiator when the engine
is hot
An electric fan is used on front wheel
drive vehicles and will only operate
when commanded by the PCM.

Cooling System

A water pump is used to circulate

coolant thought out the cooling
system.
Water pumps consist of
Water pump impeller
Water pump shaft
Water pump seal
Water pump bearing
Water pump housing

Cooling System

When defective water pumps should

be replaced.
Water pump seals and bearing
normally fail on water pumps.

Cooling System

Radiator caps are design to hold

pressure on modern closed cooling
system.
The higher pressure maintained by
the radiator cap will increases
coolant boiling point.
Defective radiator pressure cap
should be replaced.

Coolant Quiz

What is the recommended coolant

mixture?
A. 80/20
B. 70/30
C. 60/40
D. 50/50

Coolant Quiz

What part of the cooling system

serves as the heat exchanger
A. Heater hoses
B. Water pump
C. Fan belt
D. Radiator

Coolant Quiz

What type lubricate is used inside

the cooling system?
A. Water soluble oil
B. Non water soluble oil
C. Engine oil
D. Graphite

Coolant Quiz

A radiator cap is used to:

A. Increase cooling system pressure
B. Raise cooling boiling temperature
C. Control expansion tank flow
D. All the above

Coolant Quiz

Most modern thermostat open at

around what temperature
A. 180
B. 185
C.190
D.195

Coolant Quiz

What coolant system component

circulates coolant?
A. Radiator
B. Heater hoses
C. Water pump
D. Overflow tank

Coolant Quiz

What component allows for transfer

of coolant from the radiator to the
engine block?
A. Heater hoses
B. Radiator hoses
C. Radiator Cap
D. All the above

Coolant Quiz

A broke fan blade can cause:

A. Excesses vibration
B. Overheating
C. Water pump failure
D. All the above

Coolant Quiz

What are two type of cooling

systems?
A. Water and antifreeze
B. Air and coolant
C. liquid and coolant
D. All the above

Coolant Quiz

Automotive radiator cap should be

removed when:
A. The engine is hot
B. The engine is cold
C. The engine is idling
D. There is pressure in the system

FUEL SYSTEM

Automotive gasoline is manufactured from

crude oil (petroleum) produces
Hydrocarbons (HC)
Hydrocarbons is really unburned gasoline.
Carbon Monoxides (CO) is fuel that did
not complete burn in the combustion
chamber.
Fuel must atomize (change into a vapor)
before it can burn in the combustion
chamber

FUEL SYSTEM

WHEN WORKING WITH FUEL

SYSTEM: THERE IS AWAYS A
DANGER OF FIRE.
NEVER SMOKE OR HAVE ANY
TYPE OPEN FLAMES ARROUND
ANY OPEN FUEL SYSTEM

FUEL SYSTEM

Earlier vehicles used carburetors.

Carburetor were used until the mid80
Vehicles used carburetors until the
mid Tougher emission requirement
has made carburetor extinct.
New emissions standards requires
HC and CO be controlled.

FUEL SYSTEM

Carburetor are more complicated

than fuel injection. More automotive
carburetor have 5 distinct circuits.
1. Idle circuit
2. Enrichment circuit
3. Off Idle Circuit
4. High Speed circuit
5. Enrichment circuit
6. Choke Circuit

FUEL SYSTEM

With carburetors and choke plate

was is used to close off the air horn
so that less air and more fuel can
enrich fuel mixture during cold startup conditions.

FUEL QUIZ
Choke Plate

Float
Fuel Bowl

Intake
Manifold

Fuel Filter Fuel

Line

FUEL SYSTEM

Late model vehicle have all started

using fuel injection as a means of
delivering fuel to combustion
chamber.
Fuel injection offers some major
advantage over carburetion.
A. Better fuel economy
B. No need for Manifold heat
C. Higher torque at lower speeds.

FUEL
12
volts

Injector
ground

Fuel Injector
NOTE: You will be asked
to explain basic TBI
injection at end of
presentation

Power
Train
Control
Module
Fuel
Filter

Fuel Tank

FUEL SYSTEM

Better fuel economy. With the addition

of electronic engine controls fuel
injection can be injected into the
combustion at the instance the intake
valve is opened.
With carburetion and some early fuel
injection system fuel was injected into
the intake manifold. Fuel then had to
travel to the intake combustion chamber.

FUEL SYSTEM

For proper combustion the correct

amount of air and fuel must mix
before entering the combustion
chamber.
The ideal air fuel mixture is 14.7-1

FUEL SYSTEM

When ever fuel is added to air the

fuel mixture will become richer
When air is added fuel mixture will
become leaner
Colder engine requires a richer fuel
mixture than hot engines.

FUEL SYSTEM

When the ideal fuel mixture of 14.7-1

is reached the vehicle combustion
should be ideal and render the most
power with least amount of exhaust
emissions.
Stoichiometric is the term used to
describe the ideal fuel mixture.
All late model fuel injected engine are
electronically controlled

FUEL SYSTEM

With the addition of fuel injection

several sensor had to be added to the
engine to ensure proper fuel mixture.
Some of the more importance sensor
are
A. Mass air flow sensor/MAP
B. Oxygen sensor
C. Throttle position sensor
D. Coolant sensor

FUEL SYSTEM

The sensor system is responsible for

monitoring:
A. Intake air temperature
B. Engine load
C. Engine temperature
D. RPM

FUEL SYSTEM

Oxygen sensor: Is mounted in the

exhaust system senses the amount of
oxygen in the exhaust gasses.
All Feedback carburetors and fuel
injection system use and oxygen
sensor to determine the amount of
unburned fuel in the exhaust system.

FUEL SYSTEM

NOTE: Later model vehicle use 2

Oxygen sensor minimum to
determine fuel mixture and catalytic
converter efficiency.
NOTE: We will be covering engine
controls in more detail later.

FUEL SYSTEM

A Mass Air Flow Sensor (MAF) or

Manifold Absolute Pressure (MAP)
sensor is used to determine:
A. Engine load
B. Air temperature (MAF)
C. Help determine ignition timing

FUEL SYSTEM

Engine temperature is very

important in determining proper fuel
mixture. For that reason an Engine
Coolant Temperature (ECT) sensor is
mounted in the intake manifold.
The ECT sends a analog signal to the
PCM that is in direst proportion to
the engine temperature.

FUEL SYSTEM

A throttle position sensor (TPS) is

used by the PCM to determine the
angle of the throttle.
The more the throttle is open the
more air entering the engine. More
air means more fuel.

FUEL SYSTEM

There are 3 typical types of fuel

injection systems.
1. Throttle Body (TBI)
2. Port fuel injection system
3. Sequential Fuel injection system

FUEL SYSTEM

A throttle body fuel injection system

uses either one or 2 injector mounted
in a throttle body that looks similar to
a carburetor.
Port fuel injection and sequential fuel
injection system uses a fuel injector
mounted at each cylinder
All type fuel system uses a filter inline
capture dirt and contaminants before
entering the engine.

FUEL QUIZ

1. What is the most flammable

chemical in an automotive shop?
A. Engine oil
B. Coolant
C. Brake fluid
D. Gasoline

FUEL QUIZ

2. Technician A says reducing air flow

into an engine will increase fuel
mixture. Technician B says increasing
fuel mixture while maintaining air flow
will decrease fuel mixture. Who is
correct?
A. Technician A only C. Both A and B
B. Technician B only D. Neither A nor B

FUEL QUIZ
3. Technician A says all crude oil has
hydrocarbons. Technician B says an
oxygen sensor is used to determine
engine load. Who is correct?
A. Technician A only C. Both A and
B
B. Technician B only D. Neither A
nor B

FUEL QUIZ

4. Technician A says the ideal air

fuel ratio is 14.9-1 Technician B says
A rich fuel mixture produces and
excess in hydrocarbons. Who is
correct?
A. Technician A only
B. Technician
B only
C. Both A and B
D. Neither A nor B

FUEL QUIZ

5. Technician A says a cold engine

requires a richer fuel mixture than a
warm engine. Technician B says a
warm engine requires a leaner fuel
mixture than a cold engine. Who is
correct?
A. Technician A only B. Technician A
only
C. Both A and B
D. Neither A nor B

FUEL QUIZ

6. What sensor determines engine

load?
A. Oxygen sensor
B. Mass air flow sensor
C. Throttle position sensor
D. engine coolant sensor

FUEL QUIZ

7. What component is installed into

the fuel line to catch dirt and other
contaminants?
A. Fuel tank
B. Fuel pump
C. Fuel net
D. Fuel filter

FUEL QUIZ

8. Throttle body and port fuel

injection system are controlled:
A. Mechanically
B. By the Body control module
C. By the Power train control module
D. All the above

FUEL QUIZ

9. Technician A says fuel injection is

more efficiency than carburetors.
Technician B says fuel injection uses n
electric fuel pump to supply fuel to
the engine. Who is correct?
A. Technician A only
B. Technician B only
C. Technician A and B
D. Neither A nor B

FUEL QUIZ

10. In 100 words explain the

operation of a basic TBI fuel
injection system.