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Antimatter

This seminar discusses antimatter, including its highest energy density compared to other energy sources, how it is the opposite of normal matter, its history of discovery, production through particle accelerators, storage in traps using electric and magnetic fields, and potential applications such as propulsion, medical imaging, and detectors. Some key challenges are its extremely high cost to produce due to low yields, and difficulty storing more than 1010 antiprotons for propulsion which would require 1020. While antimatter could be an ideal future fuel, significantly improving production and storage methods would be needed first.

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Luis Nunes
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58 views

Antimatter

This seminar discusses antimatter, including its highest energy density compared to other energy sources, how it is the opposite of normal matter, its history of discovery, production through particle accelerators, storage in traps using electric and magnetic fields, and potential applications such as propulsion, medical imaging, and detectors. Some key challenges are its extremely high cost to produce due to low yields, and difficulty storing more than 1010 antiprotons for propulsion which would require 1020. While antimatter could be an ideal future fuel, significantly improving production and storage methods would be needed first.

Uploaded by

Luis Nunes
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SEMINAR

ON
ANTIMATTER

INTRODUCTION

Antimatter is real.
Energy density of
chemical reactionis 110 J/kg.
nuclear fission is 810 J/kg.
nuclear fusion is 310 J/kg.
matter antimatter reaction is 91016 J/kg.
Highest energy release per unit mass.
Complete conversion of mass into energy.

WHAT IS MATTER?

Everything around us.

Basic components:
electrons.
protons.
neutrons.

WHAT IS ANTIMATTER?

Opposite of normal matter.

Basic components are:


positrons.
antiprotons.
antineutrons.

HISTORY OF ANTIMATTER.

In 1928,Paul A.M.Dirac revised Einsteins


famous equation E=mc.
Diracs equation E=mc.
Positrons discovered by Carl Anderson in
1932.
Antiprotons discovered in 1955.
Antiatoms discovered in 1995 by CERN.

PRODUCTION OF ANTIMATTER.

Created from energy.


Protons are smashed into target.
Matter-antimatter particles are spontaneously
created.
Antiproton head towards the Antiproton
Decelerator.

ANTIPROTON DECCELERATOR (AD)

It consists of
vacuum tubes.
vacuum pumps.
magnets.
radiofrequency cavities.
high voltage instruments.
electronic circuits.

WORKING OF AD.

Antiproton have
energy spread.
transverse oscillations.
Focusing magnets.
Radiofrequency cavities decelerate the
antiproton.

AD EXPERIMENTS.

ASACUSA (Atomic Spectroscopy And Collision


Using Slow Antiprotons).
ATHENA (Antihydrogen Production and
Precision Experiments).
ATRAP (Cold Anti hydrogen for precise laser
Spectroscopy).

STORAGE.

Traps.
Appropriate
configuration of
electric and
magnetic fields.
Good vacuum.

ANTIMATTER IN PROPULSION
SYSTEM

Annihilation.

Newtonian rocket.

100 milligram for Space Shuttle.

ANTIMATTER PROPULSION
SYSTEMS.
Two choice of propulsion
1)Electron-positron annihilation.
produces high energy gamma rays.
impossible to control.
very dangerous.
2)Proton-antiproton annihilation.
produces charged particles.
mass left over after annihilation.

1)SOLID CORE.

Solid core heat exchanger.

Superheats hydrogen propellants.

Specific impulse:1000sec

2)GAS CORE.

Annihilation occurs in hydrogen propellant.

Particles controlled in magnetic field.

Loss in the form of gamma rays.

Specific impulse:2500sec

3)PLASMA CORE.

Annihilation of larger amount of antimatter.

Loss in the form of gamma rays.

Plasma is expelled to produce thrust.

Specific impulse between 5000 to 10000sec.

4)BEAM CORE.

Direct one to one


annihilation.

Used directly as the


exhausted propellant.

Specific
impulse:10,000,000sec

POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY


(PET) SCAN.

Positron incorporated in a special fluid injected


into the patient.
Annihilate with electrons.
Energy emerges as gamma rays.
PET radiograph reveals inner structure.
Widely used in brain scans.

ANTIMATTER DETONATION.

Output highly depends on regular matter


surrounding the bomb.
Gamma rays are absorbed.
Lose half their energy per 500 to 1000m of air
compared to 20cm of concrete.
Explosion would not cause much physical
damage.
No practical or destructive as conventional
nuclear weapons.

ANTIMATTER IN NATURE.

Matter & antimatter were created in gigantic


Big Bang.

Two possibilities:
Either antimatter completely disappeared.
Separated from each other.

1.
2.

ALPHA MAGNETIC SPECTROMETER

High energy particle


detector.

Carried on Space
Shuttle.

In 2004,a new version of


experiment installed on
the International Space
Station.

PROBLEMS IN PRODUCTION.

Only 1 to 10 nano grams produced a year.

Most expensive substance on earth.


1 gram cost about $62.5 trillion.

So not economical using current technology.

PROBLEMS IN STORAGE.

Current trap can only store 1010 antiproton for


one week.

Next stage an improvement to 1012 antiproton


storage.

For complete antimatter propulsion, 1020


antiprotons needed to be stored.

CONCLUSION

Due to the highest energy release per unit


mass of any known reaction we can say that
antimatter will be a future fuel but need a
reliable method of producing large amount of
it.

THANK YOU..

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