MICROPROCESSORS AND APPLICATIONS

Mr. DEEPAK P.
Associate Professor
ECE Department
SNGCE

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8085
PROGRAMMING MODEL

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Overview: 8085
1. Six general-purpose Registers
Programming model
2. Accumulator Register
3. Flag Register
4. Program Counter Register
5. Stack Pointer Register

Programming Model

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Programming Model

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Instruction & Data

Formats

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Instruction & Data

Formats
8085 Instruction set can be classified according
to size (in bytes) as
1. 1-byte Instructions
2. 2-byte Instructions
3. 3-byte Instructions
1.Includes Opcode and Operand in the same

byte
2.First byte specifies Operation Code Second
byte specifies Operand
3.First byte specifies Operation Code Second &
Third byte specifies Operand

Instruction & Data

Formats
1. 1-byte Instructions

Eg. MOV A, M, CMA, DAA etc

2. 2-byte Instructions

Eg. MVI A, 08, IN 02, CPI 03 etc

3. 3-byte Instructions

Eg. LXI H, 4500, STA 4600, LDA 4200

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ADDRESSING MODES

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Addressing
Modes
of
The microprocessor has different ways of
8085 the data or operand for the
specifying
instruction.
The various formats of specifying

operands are called addressing modes

The 8085 has Five addressing modes:
1) Register Addressing mode: This type of

addressing mode specifies register or register

pair that contains data.
Example: ADD B, MOV B A

Addressing Modes of
2)8085
Immediate Addressing Mode:
In this type of addressing mode, immediate

data byte is provided with the

instruction.
Example: MVI A 47H, LXIH, 4100H etc.

Memory Addressing
One of the operands is a memory location
Depending on how address of memory

location is specified, memory addressing is

of two types
Direct addressing
Indirect addressing

3) Direct Addressing Mode: In this type

of addressing mode, the 16bit memory

address is directly provided with the
instruction.
Example: LDA C5 00 , STA 3050H etc

Addressing
Modes
of
4) Indirect Addressing Mode: In this type
of8085
addressing mode, the 16bit memory
address is indirectly provided with the
instruction using a register pair
Example: LDAX B
(Load the accumulator with the contents
of the memory location whose address is
stored in the register pair BC)
MOV M, A ;copy register A to memory location
whose address is stored
H
Lin register pair HL

30H

20H

50H

2050H 30H

Addressing
Modes
of
5) Implied Addressing mode: In this type of
8085 mode, No operand (register or
addressing
data) is specified in the instruction.
The operand is inborn to the instruction.
Example: CMA (Complement Accumulator) ,

SIM , RIM etc

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INSTRUCTION SET

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Instruction Set of 8085

Consists of
74 operation codes, e.g. MOV, MVI
246 Instructions, e.g. MOV A,B, MVI A,03

8085 instructions can be classified

as
1. Data Transfer (Copy)
2. Arithmetic
3. Logical and Bit manipulation
4. Branch
5. Machine Control

Instruction
MOV

Move
MVIMove Immediate
LDA
Load Accumulator Directly from Memory
STAStore Accumulator Directly in Memory
LHLD
Load Hand L Registers Directly from
Memory
SHLD
Store Hand L Registers Directly in
Memory
LXI Load register pair Immediate
LDAX
Load accumulator indirect
STAX
Store Accumulator In direct
XCHG
Exchange DE pair and HL pair
XTHL
Exchange between HL pair and stack

Instruction

Data Transfer Instructions

IN portaddr
i.e. IN 00 ( Reads data from the Input Switch,

0 0represents the port address of the input

switch)
OUT portaddr
i.e. OUT 00 ( Writes data to the Display device
where 00 represents the Port address of the
display)

Data Transfer Instructions

The 256 input/output ports provide

communication with the outside world of

peripheral devices.
The IN and OUT instructions initiate data
transfers.
The I N instruction latches the number of the

desired port onto the address bus. As soon as a

byte of data is returned to the data bus latch, it
is transferred into the accumulator.
The OUT instruction latches the number of the

desired port onto the address bus and latches

the data in the accumulator onto the data bus.

Arithmetic Instructions
ADD

Add to Accumulator

ADI Add Immediate Data to Accumulator

ADC

Add to Accumulator Using Carry Flag

ACI Add Immediate Data to Accumulator Using

Carry Flag
SUB

Subtract from Accumulator

SUI Subtract Immediate Data from Accumulator

Arithmetic Instructions
SBB

Subtract from Accumulator Using Borrow

((:Carry) Flag

SBI Subtract I mmediate from Accumulator Using

Borrow
INR

Increment Specified Byte by One

DCR
Decrement Specified Byte by One
INX Increment Register Pair by One
DCX
Decrement Register Pair by One
DAD
Double Register Add: Add Contents of
Register
Pair to Hand L Register Pair

Arithmetic Instructions

Logical Instructions
ANA

Logical AND with Accumulator

ANI

Logical AND with Accumulator Using

Immediate Data

ORA

Logical OR with Accumulator

ORI

Logical OR with Accumulator Using

Immediate Data

XRA

Exclusive Logical OR with

Accumulator
XRI
Exclusive OR Using Immediate Data
CMP
Compare
CPI
Compare Using Immediate Data

Logical Instructions
RLC
RRC
RAL
RAR
CMA
CMC
STC

Rotate Accumulator Left

Rotate Accumulator Right
Rotate Left Through Carry
Rotate Right Through Carry
Complement Accumulator
Complement Carry Flag
Set Carry Flag

Logical Instructions

Logical Instructions

Logical Instructions

Logical Instructions

Branching Instructions
The unconditional branching instructions are

as follows:
JMP Jump
CALL
Call
RET
Return
Conditional branching instructions
jumps
Calls Returns
JC CC
RC (Carry)
JNC
CNC RNC (No Carry)
JZ CZ
RZ (Zero)
JNZ
CNZ RNZ (Not Zero)

Branching Instructions
JP
JM
JPE

Even)
JPO
(Parity Odd)
PCHL
Counter
RST
Used with

CP
CM
CPE

RP (Plus)
RM (Minus)
RPE (Parity
CPO

RPO

Move Hand L to Program

Special Restart Instruction
Interrupts

Jump Instructions

Call Instructions

Return Instructions

Re start Instructions

Stack, I/O, and Machine Control

Instructions.
PUSH

Push Two Bytes of Data onto

the Stack
POP
Pop Two Bytes of Data off
the Stack
XTHL
Exchange Top of Stack with
Hand L
SPHL
Move contents of Hand L to
Stack Pointer
The I/O instructions are as follows:
IN
Initiate Input Operation
OUT
Initiate Output Operation

Stack, I/O, and Machine Control

Instructions.
The machine control instructions are as

follows:
EI
DI
HLT
NOP

Enable Interrupt System

Disable Interrupt System
Halt
No Operation

Stack, I/O, and Machine Control

Instructions.
RIM

Stack, I/O, and Machine Control

Instructions.
SIM

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ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE
PROGRAMMING

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Programming
1. Write an assembly program to add two

numbers
o
o
o
o
o
o

MVI D, 02BH
MVI C, 06FH
MOV A, C
ADD D
STA 4500
HLT

Program
1. Write an assembly program to add two

numbers

o
o
o
o
o
o

LXI H, 4500
MOV A, M
INX H
ADD M
STA 4500
HLT

Program
2. Write an Assembly Language Program to
add two numbers ; results contain carry

LOOP1

LXI H, 4500
MOV A, M
INX H
ADD M
JNC LOOP 1
INR C
STA 4500
MOV A, C
STA 4501
HLT

Program
2. Write an Assembly Language Program to
add two numbers ; results contain carry
( write the program using JC)
LXI H, 4500

LOOP1
LOOP1

MOV A, M
INX H
ADD M
JC
LOOP 1
JMP
LOOP 2
INR C
STA 4500
MOV A, C
STA 4501
HLT

ADDITION OF TWO 16 BIT

NUMBERS
3. To write an assembly language program for
adding two 16 bit numbers using 8085 micro
processor.

SUM OF DATAS
4. To write an assembly language program to
calculate the sum of datas using 8085
microprocessor

SUBTRACTION OF TWO 8 BIT

NUMBERS
5. To write a assembly language program for
subtracting 2 bit (8) numbers by using- 8085

SUBTRACTION OF TWO 16 BIT

NUMBERS
6. To write an assembly language program for
subtracting two 16 bit numbers using 8085
microprocessor kit.

Multiplication ; No carry
LDA 2000 // Load multiplicant to accumulator
MOV B,A // Move multiplicant from A(acc) to B

register
LDA 2001 // Load multiplier to accumulator
MOV C,A // Move multiplier from A to C
MVI A,00 // Load immediate value 00 to a
L: ADD B // Add B(multiplier) with A
DCR C // Decrement C, it act as a counter
JNZ L // Jump to L if C reaches 0
STA 2010 // Store result in to memory
HLT // End

Multiplication ; With carry

7. Write an assembly program to multiply

a number by 8
MVI C,OO
LXI H, 4100
MOV B, M
INX H
MOV A, M
DCR B
LOOP 2
ADD M
JNC LOOP1
INR C
LOOP 1
DCR B
JNZ LOOP2
STA 4500
HLT

Multiplication

DIVISION OF TWO 8 BIT

NUMBERS
To write an assembly language program for

dividing two 8 bit numbers using

microprocessor

ASCENDING ORDER
9. To write a program to sort given n

numbers in ascending order

DESCENDING ORDER
10. To write a program to sort given n

numbers in descending order

Program
11. Write an Assembly Language Program to
transfer a block of data from a series of
locations to other.
MVI C, 0AH

ten

; Initialize counter i.e no. of bytes

Store the count in Register C, ie

LXI H, 2200H

; Initialize source memory pointer

LXI D, 2300H

; Initialize destination memory pointer

Data Starts from

2200 location

BK: MOV A, M
; Get byte from source memory
block i.e 2200 to
accumulator.
STAX D

; Store byte in the destination memory

block i.e 2300 as
stored in D-E pair

Program
INX H

pointer
INX D
pointer
DCR C
of bytes
JNZ BK
HLT

; Increment source memory

; Increment destination memory
; Decrement counter to keep track
moved
; If counter 0 repeat steps
; Terminate program

Largest Number
Write an Assembly Language Program

to find a largest number.

LXI H, 4500
MOV A, M
INX H
CMP M
JNC

LOOP 1

JMP

LOOP 2

LOOP1

STA 4500

LOOP2

MOV A, M
STA 4500
HLT

Smallest Number
Write an Assembly Language Program

to find a smallest number.

LXI H, 4500
MOV A, M
INX H
CMP M
JC

LOOP 1

JMP

LOOP 2

LOOP1

STA 4500

LOOP2

MOV A, M
STA 4500
HLT

Occurrence Counting
Write an Assembly Language Program

to count the repetition of a number.

UP Counting
Write an Assembly Language Program

to count up to 7F

UP Counting
Write an Assembly Language Program

to count from &F to 00 , downwards

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STACK AND SUBROUTINE

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STACK
The stack is an area of memory identified

by the programmer for temporary storage of

information.
The stack is a LIFO structure.
The stack normally grows backwards into

memory.
Programmer can defines the bottom of

(SP) the stack and the stack grows up into

reducing address range.

STACK
Stack is defined by setting the SP (Stack

Pointer) register.
LXI SP, FFFFH ,This sets SP to location FFFFH
(end of memory for 8085).

STACK
Save information by PUSHing onto STACK
Retrieved from STACK by POPing it off.
PUSH and POP work with register pairs only.
Example PUSH B
Decrement SP, Copy B to (SP-1)
Decrement SP, Copy C to (SP-1)
Example POP B
Copy (SP+1) to C, Increment SP
Copy (SP+1) to B, Increment SP

SUBROUTINE
A subroutine is a group of instructions

that is used repeatedly in different places

of the program.
It can be grouped into a subroutine and call

from the different locations.

The CALL instruction is used to redirect

program execution to the subroutine.

The RET instruction is used to return the

execution to the calling routine.

SUBROUTINE
You must set the SP correctly before using

CALL
CALL 5000H
Push the PC value onto the stack
Load PC with 16bit address supplied CALL
ins.
RET : Load PC with stack top; POP PC

SUBROUTINE

SUBROUTINE
SUBRTN:
PUSH PSW
PUSH B
PUSH D
PUSH H

subroutine coding
POP H
POP D
POP B
POP PSW
RETURN

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SERIAL INPUT / OUTPUT

OPERATION

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Serial Input /Out put

8085 Microprocessor has two Serial

Input/output pins that are used to read/write

one bit data to and from peripheral devices.
SID (Serial Input Data line)
There is an One bit Input line inside the 8085

CPU (SID line ,Pin number 5)

-The data that is read is stored in the A7th bit
of the Accumulator
-RIM instruction is used to read the SID line

Serial Input

Serial Input
Example Pseudocode:
1) RIM
2) A7 (SID)
As seen from the figure 1, if the SID line is

connected with +5V and RIM instruction is

executed, then the Accumulators MSB bit will be
loaded with a Logic 1

Serial Input

Serial Input
RIM

Line
-There is a One bit Output port inside the 8085

CPU (Pin number 4

-1 bit data can be externally written in this
port.
-To write data into this port, SIM instruction is
used.
-The data that is to be written in this port must be
stored in the A7th bit of the Accumulator.
Bit A6 of the Accumulator is known as SOE

(Serial output Enable).

This bit Must be set to 1 to enable Serial data output.

Line

Line

Line

Pseudocode:
A 40H
SIM
SOD (A7)

Line
SIM

Problem
The SID Pin of an 8085 microprocessor is

connected with a 0V/+5V source and the SOD Pin

is connected with a LED. Write down the
Pseudocode that will read the SID pin of the
microprocessor and glow the LED if the SID pin is
connected with a +5V source otherwise Turn the
Led off if the SID Pin is connected with GND (0V)

INSTRUCTION SUMMARY

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