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Statistics-Plural: Refers To Set of Figures. E.g.: Production and Sale of Textiles TV Sets Etc.

The document defines key statistical terms and concepts. It explains that statistics refers to both a set of figures as well as the tools used to analyze data. Specifically, it provides Spiegal's definition of statistics as the scientific method for collecting, organizing, summarizing, presenting, analyzing data and drawing valid conclusions. It also outlines the nature of a statistical study including formulating objectives, collecting and organizing data, analyzing findings, and presenting results. Frequency distributions and different types of graphs and diagrams used to present statistical data are discussed.

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79 views

Statistics-Plural: Refers To Set of Figures. E.g.: Production and Sale of Textiles TV Sets Etc.

The document defines key statistical terms and concepts. It explains that statistics refers to both a set of figures as well as the tools used to analyze data. Specifically, it provides Spiegal's definition of statistics as the scientific method for collecting, organizing, summarizing, presenting, analyzing data and drawing valid conclusions. It also outlines the nature of a statistical study including formulating objectives, collecting and organizing data, analyzing findings, and presenting results. Frequency distributions and different types of graphs and diagrams used to present statistical data are discussed.

Uploaded by

kkv_phani_varma5396
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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STATISTICS-PLURAL

 Refers to set of figures.


 E.g.:
 production and sale of textiles
 TV sets etc.,
STATISTICS-SINGULAR
 It refers to the whole body of
analytical tools that are used to
collect the figures ,organize and
interpret them and,finally,to draw
conclusions from them.
SPIEGAL-DEFINES STATISTICS,
 SCIENTIFIC METHOD FOR
COLLECTING,ORGANIZING,SUMMARI
SING,PRESENTING AND ANALYSING
DATA AS WELL AS DRAWING VALID
CONCLUSIONS AND MAKING
REASONABLE DECISIONS ON THE
BASIS OF SUCH ANALYSIS.
THE NATURE OF A STATISTICAL
STUDY
 FORMULATION OF  ANALYSING THE DATA
DATA  REACHING
 OBJECTIVES OF THE STATISTICAL
STUDY FINDINGS
 DETERMINING  PRESENTATION OF
SOURCES OF DATA DATA
 DESIGNING DATA
COLLECTION FORMS
 CONDUCTING THE
FIELD SURVEY
 ORGANISING THE
DATA
ASSIGNMENTS
 WHY IT IS NECESSARY TO LEARN
STATISTICS?
 DEFINE STATISTICS.EXPLAIN ITS
IMPORTANCE TO BUSINESS
DECISION MAKING?
 WHAT ARE THE MAJOR LIMITATIONS
OF STATISTICS?EXPLAIN WITH
SUITABLE EXAMPLES.
Frequency distribution
 1. A college management wanted to give scholarships to
B.com. students securing 60 percent and above marks in
the following manner
 The marks of 25 students who were eligible for scholarship
are given below:
 74,62,84,72,61,83,72,81,64,71,63,61,60,67,74,66,64,79,7
3,75,76,69,68,78 and 67
 Calculate the monthly scholarship paid to the students.
 Percentage of marks Monthly scholarship in
 Rs.60-65-250
 65-70-300
 70-75-350
 75-80-400
 80-85-450
Frequency distribution
 Inclusive method
 Exclusive method
 Deciding the appropriate number of
class groupings
 n = 1 +3.322 log N
 n –number of classes (rounded)
 N –the total no of observations.
Width of the class interval
 Width of the class interval =
 (Hv-Lv)/no. of class groupings.
 Suppose we have 200 observations
pertaining to income of workers
where the highest income is Rs.6,200
p.m. and lowest is Rs 1,400 p.m.
 C.I=6(groupings)
 Width of class interval=
 (6200-1,400)/6 =800
Assignment-2
 Importance of graphic and
diagrammatic presentation
 Limitations of graphs and diagrams
 Points to be remembered while
usinggrsphs and diagrams in
presenting data
 Selection of graph or diagram to be
used
Graphic devices
 2 categories of graphs
 The natural scale graph-time series
graph, frequency graph
 The ratio scale graph
Line graph

Year 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995

Sales 5 6 13 10 15 17
(in ‘000 Rs)
Frequency graphs
 Histogram
 Frequency curve
 Frequency polygon
 ogive
problem
Marks Number of
students
0-20 10

20-40 22

40-60 35

60-80 28

80-100 5
Cumulative frequency curve
or
ogive
Weekly earnings(Rs) No. of
employees
Below 550 5 5
550-600 10 15
600-650 22 37
650-700 30 67
700-750 16 83
750-800 12 95
800-850 15 110
One-dimensional diagrams
 Line diagram
 Simple bar diagrams
 Multiple bars
 Horizontal bars
 Sub-divided or component bar
diagram
Percentage subdivided bar
diagrams
Item of exp Family A Family B
Food 1000 1600
Clothing 500 800
Rent 800 1000
Education 400 800
Recreation 200 500
miscellaneous 100 300
2-dimensional diagrams
 Rectangular diagrams
 Pie-diagrams or circular
Angular sector diagram
items Expenditure as % of
total
Food 50 180
Clothing 15 54
housing 10 36
Fuel and lighting 5 18
education 10 36
Recreation 5 18
Miscellaneous 5 18
total 100 360
statistics
 Descriptive-diagrammatic,numerical
 inferential

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