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Example of Industrial Applications - Heterogeneous Catalysis - W3

This document discusses industrial applications of heterogeneous catalysis. Some key points: - Catalysis is critical to the chemical industry, contributing about 2% of total process costs but enabling over 90% of chemical industry processes. - Common types of catalysts include homogeneous (feed and product in same phase) and heterogeneous (feed and product in different phases, with catalyst typically solid). - Examples of heterogeneous catalysts include metals and examples of applications are ammonia synthesis using iron or nickel catalysts. - Parameters to evaluate catalytic performance include atom utilization, selectivity, and factors like temperature and kinetics.

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Adrian Tawakal
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91 views19 pages

Example of Industrial Applications - Heterogeneous Catalysis - W3

This document discusses industrial applications of heterogeneous catalysis. Some key points: - Catalysis is critical to the chemical industry, contributing about 2% of total process costs but enabling over 90% of chemical industry processes. - Common types of catalysts include homogeneous (feed and product in same phase) and heterogeneous (feed and product in different phases, with catalyst typically solid). - Examples of heterogeneous catalysts include metals and examples of applications are ammonia synthesis using iron or nickel catalysts. - Parameters to evaluate catalytic performance include atom utilization, selectivity, and factors like temperature and kinetics.

Uploaded by

Adrian Tawakal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Example of Industrial

Applications:
Heterogeneous Catalysis

From previous section:


Chemical Industry
ca. $2 bn annual sale of catalysts
ca. $200 - 900 bn annual sale of the chemicals that are related
products
90% of chemical industry has catalysis-related processes
Catalysts contributes ca. 2% of total investment in a chemical
processes
About 15-20% economic activities in industrialized countries
depend on catalyst
Catalysis process is the heart of industrial conversion

Common classification
Homogeneous catalyst: feed and
product are in the same phase
Adv: High activity, not easily
poisoned (by impurities), easy
application and modification
Disadv: specific treatment after
processing, commonly unstable at
high temperature
Examples: acid catalyst, ziegler-natta
catalyst (metal complex), enzyme

Common classification
Heterogeneous catalyst: feed and
product are not in the same phase.
Generally catalyst is in solid, reactant phase
is either liquid or gas
Adv: stable, applicable at high
temperature, easy recovery and
modification, facilitate simple construction
Disadv: poisoning
Examples: metal (transition group)

Catalytic Reactors: Examples

Catalytic Membrane Reactor

Eiichi Kikuchi (University of Waseda)

Catalytic Microreactor

Taegyu Kim
(Chosun, Rep of Korea,
2009))
Stavarek (Czech Academy of
Sci, 2015))

Catalytic Performance:
Parameters
E - Factor

Catalytic Performance:
Parameters
Atom Utilization
(AU)

Example: AU improvement for


vitamins B - industry

Example: AU improvement for


vitamins B - industry

Catalytic Performance:
Parameters
Selectivity

A B (main product) + C +
D +E

Thermodynamic and Kinetic


(once again)

Hydrogenation of Ethylene on
Platinum Catalyst

Sabatier - Sanderens Principles


(1902)
Good catalysts facilitates an
optimum strength of bonding
between reactants and catalyst
surface.
Bonding between both (reactant(s)
catalyst) are neither too strong or too
weak
The principle is confirmed in the
study of Rootsaert and Sachtler

Metallic State Catalysis


Metal compounds : oxide, salts, organo-metallic
complex
Can be heterogeneous or homogeneous
Group VIIIB and IB are popular:
Fe, Ni: Ammonia synthesis
Pt-Rh: Ammonia oxidation
Pt, Ru,Ni: Glucose hydrogenation
Fe-Co: Fischer Tropsch synthesis

Synthesis Gas Conversion

Automative Exhaust
Catalysis

Paul Sabatier (1854 1941)


Nationality: French
Noble Laureate: 1912 (along with
Victor Grignard)
Hydrogenation of organic compounds
with metal catalyst
Honoured as a university name :
Paul Sabatier University, Tolouse, France

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