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Epithelium

This document discusses epithelial tissue and its classification. Epithelial tissue forms protective layers that line surfaces throughout the body. It is classified based on the number of cell layers and the shape of its cells. There are four main types: simple epithelium with one cell layer, stratified epithelium with two or more layers, pseudostratified epithelium with multiple layers that appear stratified but are not, and transitional epithelium which lines the urinary system and is highly elastic. Epithelial tissue serves functions like protection, secretion, absorption, and selective permeability depending on its location in the body.

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3K views48 pages

Epithelium

This document discusses epithelial tissue and its classification. Epithelial tissue forms protective layers that line surfaces throughout the body. It is classified based on the number of cell layers and the shape of its cells. There are four main types: simple epithelium with one cell layer, stratified epithelium with two or more layers, pseudostratified epithelium with multiple layers that appear stratified but are not, and transitional epithelium which lines the urinary system and is highly elastic. Epithelial tissue serves functions like protection, secretion, absorption, and selective permeability depending on its location in the body.

Uploaded by

drpankaj28
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Epithelium

Dr Pankaj Maheria

Hist-ology
Histology
Histology (compound of the Greek words:
"tissue", and - logia)
Is a branch of Medical sciences that studies tissues
and how they are arranged into organs

Tissue: A Definition
Is a group of cells and cell
products that arise from the same
region of the embryo and work
together to perform a specific
structural or physiological role
in an organ.
3

Categories of Tissue
EpithelialTissue
ConnectiveTissue
MuscularTissue
NervousTissue
4

Epithelium

:You should aim to


Recognize the presence of an epithelium and
.understand its defining characteristics
Distinguish the different morphological types
. of epithelium
Relate morphology to function where
. possible

Epithelial tissue
Specialized layers that line the internal and
.cover the external surface of body

Epithelial Tissues
StructuralClassification
Cell Layers
Cell Shapes

11

Simple

12

Simple
Stratified

13

According to shape
Squamous

Cuboidal

14

Columnar

General features of Epithelial Tissues


1. Very small amounts of intercellular substance, cells may be
joined by cell junctions.

15

General Features of Epithelial Tissues


2. The cells are usually arranged in one or more
layer.

16

General Features of Epithelial Tissues


3. The epithelium has a free surface is resting which
is either exposed to air or fluid.

17

General Features of Epithelial Tissues


4. It is lower surface is resting on a basement
membrane.

18

General Features of Epithelial Tissues


5. Epithelium is an avascular tissue (not penetrated
by blood vessels).

How can it get nutrition?!

It receives its nourishment by diffusion of metabolites through the


basal lamina and lamina propria.
19

General Features of Epithelial Tissues


6. The epithelial cells are penetrated by nerve fibers.

20

General Features of Epithelial Tissues


7. It has high regeneration ability.

Alimentary canal

Skin
21

General Features of Epithelial Tissues

8. Epithelium develops from any of the three


embryonic layers (Ectoderm, Mesoderm,
Endoderm).
Endoderm = endothelium
Mesoderm = mesothelium
Ectoderm = epithelium

22

General Functions
Transcellular transport
Diffusion
Carrier protein mediated
Vesicle mediated
Absorption
Secretiopn

Selective permeability
Protection

23

Simple Epithelium

One Layered Cell Epithelium

24

Simple epithelia
Surface epithelia consist of a single layer
Found at interfaces involved in selective
diffusion, absorption and /or secretion

25

Simple squamous epithelium


Squamous: scales of fish
Flattened, irregularly shaped cells forming a
continuous surface
Pavemented epithelium
Found lining surface involved in passive
.transport (Diffusion) of either gases or fluids
Forms delicate lining of pleural, pericardial
and peritoneal cavities
Flat plates with bulging nuclei
26

Simple Squamous Epithelium


It is a pavement epithelium that is made of one
layer of flattened scale-like cells, with flat
nuclei and very small amount of cytoplasm.
1 cell

27

Sites and Function of Simple Squamous


Lining the lung alveoli to allow gas
exchange, they are called
Pneumocytes .

Lining the serous cavities to give


smooth surface and prevent
friction during movement ; it is
called Mesothelium.

28

Sites and Function of Simple Squamous


Lining the blood
vessels to provide
smooth lining, where
called Endothelium.

From the parietal layer


of Bowman's capsule
to facilitate diffusion
and filtration.
29

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium


It is made of one layer of cells, where the height
of each cell is equal to its width.
The nuclei are rounded and centrally located.
On surface view actually polygonal

30

Sites of simple Cuboidal


Thyroid follicles.
Pancreatic acini, exocrine part.
Secretory units of salivary glands.
Proximal and distal tubules of
kidney.
Pigment layer of retina
Germinal layers of ovary

cells

31

Simple Columnar Epithelium


It is made of one layer, where the height of its
.cells exceeds their width
Nuclei are elongated and may located in the
.lower one-half of the cells

32

Simple Columnar Epithelium


The simple columnar epithelium could ciliated
. or non-ciliated
Ciliated found in uterine tube .1
Non-ciliated may be secretory (stomach), or .2
absorptive with brush border as in small
.intestine and gall bladder

33

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium


The nuclei of this epithelium appear in irregular layers giving the false
impression of being stratified.
In this type of epithelium, all the cells rest on the basement
membrane.
Some tall cells reach the free surface, and others, short basal cells
do not reach the free surface.

34

Pseudostratified Ciliated Epithelium

35

:This Epithelium might be


a. Ciliated : present in
.upper respiratory tract

b. With stereocilia : lining the large ducts of


salivary glands, epididymis , vas deferens and
.membranous part of the male urethra
36

Stratified Epithelium

. Multilayered and thick (2 or more layers)

37

Classified according to the shape of surface cells:


even though the underlying cells may be of different shape

Basal cells stem cells

38

Stratified Epithelium
Stratified Squamous
Stratified Cuboidal
Stratified Columnar
Transitional

39

Stratified Squamous Epithelium


Several layers of cells
Highly resistant to irritation

:types 2

Keratinized (in touch with a dry


environment)
Non-keratinized (in touch with a wet
environment)
Locations

Mouth (non-keratinized)
Esophagus (non-keratinized)
Vagina (non-keratinized)
Skin (keratinized)

40

Stratified Squamous Non-Keratinized


(moist) Epithelium

Found in the oral cavity (a oral scraping can be used to


collect cells for DNA analysis)
41

Stratified Squamous Keratinized Epithelium

This epithelium is found in the skin.


It is resistant to abrasions and irritants of a
dry (land) environment.
NOTE THE OUTER LAYER OF KERATIN
(ARROWS).
42

Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium

Two layers of cells


Most prominent location is
in large ducts of glands
(salivary glands, etc.)

A singe, large duct


(L = lumen)

43

Stratified Columnar Epithelium


Two layers of cells
basal cuboidal
superficial columnar
:Located in

Conjunctiva of the eye


Male urethra
Some larger excretory
ducts (ex:
submandibular
salivary gland)
44

Urothelium
(transtional epithelium)
Characteristics
Stratified

Apical cells bulge


slightly into lumen
Some cells binuceated

URINARY SYSTEM!

45

Transitional epithelium is found in


.the urinary system
Dome-shaped when
relaxed, flattened
when stretched
Apical cell surface

stains slightly more


deeply pink (actin
filaments)

46

Structure Function Correlation


(all types have several cell layers)
Stratified squamous keratinized epithelium
Protection against dry environments
Lines dry surfaces exposed to continuous
trauma
Stratified squamous moist epithelium
No protection against dry environments
Lines wet surfaces exposed to trauma
Transitional Epithelium
Highly elastic
Lines surfaces exposed to continuous
distension

48

Applied histology
Carcinoma
Immotile cilia syndrome (kartagener
syndrome)
Bullous pemphigoid

49

Quiz!
!

Can You Identify the Classes of


Epithelium?

D
A

B
C

51

.Thank you

52

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