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Boiling & Condensation

The document discusses boiling and condensation processes. It defines boiling as the transformation of a liquid to vapor when the liquid is in contact with a solid surface that is above the liquid's saturation temperature, involving bubble formation. Evaporation occurs at the liquid-vapor interface under equilibrium without bubbles when the liquid reaches its saturation temperature. The document also describes different boiling regimes including nucleate, transition, and film boiling. It presents the pool boiling curve and explains the heat transfer behavior at different points on the curve. Condensation is defined as vapor transforming to liquid upon cooling below the saturation temperature, and can occur as film or dropwise condensation.

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Emmanuel Plaza
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73 views19 pages

Boiling & Condensation

The document discusses boiling and condensation processes. It defines boiling as the transformation of a liquid to vapor when the liquid is in contact with a solid surface that is above the liquid's saturation temperature, involving bubble formation. Evaporation occurs at the liquid-vapor interface under equilibrium without bubbles when the liquid reaches its saturation temperature. The document also describes different boiling regimes including nucleate, transition, and film boiling. It presents the pool boiling curve and explains the heat transfer behavior at different points on the curve. Condensation is defined as vapor transforming to liquid upon cooling below the saturation temperature, and can occur as film or dropwise condensation.

Uploaded by

Emmanuel Plaza
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BOILING &

CONDENSATION

Boiling
Boiling - transformation of
liquid to vapor when the
liquid is brought into contact
with a solid surface
maintained at a temperature
(Ts) greater than the
saturation temperature (Tsat)
of the liquid
Convection heat transfer from
solid surface to the liquid
Involves formation of bubbles
at the surface
FS 2015-2016

ChE 134/Dr. J.A. Bedano

Contrast this to evaporation


Which occurs at the liquidvapor interface when the
liquid temperature reaches
saturation, or when the vapor
pressure is less than the
saturation pressure of the
liquid at the given
temperature
Evaporation occurs under
equilibrium conditions and is
not characterized by bubble
formation
SOTECH/UPV/FS 20152016

ChE 134/Dr. J.A. Bedano

FS 2015-2016

ChE 134/Dr. J.A. Bedano

Heat transfer

FS 2015-2016

ChE 134/Dr. J.A. Bedano

Boiling classification

FS 2015-2016

ChE 134/Dr. J.A. Bedano

Boiling regimes

Transition
boiling
Natural
convection

FS 2015-2016

Film
boiling

Nucleate
boiling

ChE 134/Dr. J.A. Bedano

Pool boiling curve

FS 2015-2016

ChE 134/Dr. J.A. Bedano

FS 2015-2016

ChE 134/Dr. J.A. Bedano

From the start until pt. A pure


convection with liquid rising to the
surface and evaporates
A-B: nucleate boiling with isolated
bubble formation in few preferential
sites; bubbles condense in the liquid
since higher bubble T cause heat
transfer from bubble to liquid
causing the vapor to condense and
the bubble to collapse
FS 2015-2016

ChE 134/Dr. J.A. Bedano

10

B-C: nucleate boiling with


rapid bubble formation
rising to the surface in
columns; liquid is now
hotter than the bubble,
and heat transfer from
liquid to bubble causes
the bubble to grow and
rise due to bouyancy
Agitation by rising
bubbles further increases
heat flux (q/A)
Pt. C: peak heat flux
FS 2015-2016

ChE 134/Dr. J.A. Bedano

11

C-D: transition phase, partial


nucleate boiling and unstable film
boiling; surface becomes blanketed
with vapor pockets that decrease the
q/A
Pt D Leidenfrost point lowest het
flux
Beyond pt D surface covered by a
vapor blanket and heat transfer is by
convection and radiation, thereby
increasing q/A
FS 2015-2016

ChE 134/Dr. J.A. Bedano

12

Further lecture/discussion on:


Film coefficients and heat transfer
equations for nucleate boiling & film
boiling for different plate/pipe
configurations
Maximum heat flux at pt C, and
minimum heat flux at the Leidenfrost
point
Sample problems

FS 2015-2016

ChE 134/Dr. J.A. Bedano

14

CONDENSATION
Condensation occurs when the
temperature of the vapor is reduced
below its saturation temperature
Classification
Film condensation
Dropwise condensation

FS 2015-2016

ChE 134/Dr. J.A. Bedano

15

Film condensation
Dropwise
condensation

Forms on outside surface


Small drops form, coalesce
of vertical pipes or plates
and liquid flows from surface
Large h (110000 W/m2-K)
Small h
Used for design
purposes
FS
2015-2016
ChE 134/Dr. J.A. Bedano

16

FS 2015-2016

ChE 134/Dr. J.A. Bedano

17

Water-tube boiler

FS 2015-2016

ChE 134/Dr. J.A. Bedano

Superheated
steam

18

Assignments:
Geankoplis: Nos. 4.8-1 to 4.8-5

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ChE 134/Dr. J.A. Bedano

19

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