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Test and Their Uses in Educational Assessment: Prepared By: Group II

The document discusses tests and their uses in educational assessment. It defines different types of tests including standardized tests, non-standardized tests, written tests, and performance tests. It also outlines the different levels of Bloom's taxonomy in the cognitive domain including knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis, and evaluation. The document notes that objective tests like multiple choice questions are commonly used to assess cognitive learning and can be reliably scored. Essay tests are also described as assessing higher-order thinking but requiring more time to grade.

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39 views

Test and Their Uses in Educational Assessment: Prepared By: Group II

The document discusses tests and their uses in educational assessment. It defines different types of tests including standardized tests, non-standardized tests, written tests, and performance tests. It also outlines the different levels of Bloom's taxonomy in the cognitive domain including knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis, and evaluation. The document notes that objective tests like multiple choice questions are commonly used to assess cognitive learning and can be reliably scored. Essay tests are also described as assessing higher-order thinking but requiring more time to grade.

Uploaded by

Shaira
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TEST AND THEIR USES

IN EDUCATIONAL
ASSESSMENT
Prepared by: Group II

Test
Deifnition

Uses
of
Tests

Types
Of Tests

TEST DEFINITION
a

procedure intended to establish


the quality, performance, or
reliability of something, especially
before it is taken into widespread
use.
take measures to check the
quality, performance, or reliability
of (something), especially before
putting it into widespread use or
practice.

STANDARDIZED TESTS

Astandardized testis any test that


is administered and scored in a
consistent manner to ensure legal
defensibility.Standardized tests are
often used
ineducation,professional
certification,psychology(e.g.,MM
PI), themilitary, and many other
fields.

NON-STANDARDIZED TESTS

A non-standardized test may be used


to determine the proficiency level of
students, to motivate students to
study, and to provide feedback to
students. In some instances, a
teacher may develop nonstandardized tests that resemble
standardized tests in scope, format,
and difficulty for the purpose of
preparing their students for an
upcoming standardized test.

USES OF TESTS
It

serves a lot of
functions for school
administrator,
supervisors, teachers,
and parents.

BY:
School
Administrator

Supervisors

Teachers

Parents

SCHOOL ADMINISTRATOR
Testing

can be done to measure


the students acquisition of
knowledge, skills, and values in
any leaning area of the curriculum.
However, testing is merely one of
the techniques that teachers can
employ to measure the students
learning and achievements.

Use

SUPERVISORS

result to determine the


weaknesses and strengths of
the instructors, as well as
areas in the curriculum that
need modification.

Test

TEACHERS

results are feedback that


should be reported to
students. They are also
measures of their own
effectiveness. Using test
results, grades can be
assigned.

PARENTS/GUARDIANS
Test

results measures of their


wards performance in the
program, as well as measures
of the effectiveness of the
institution to which they
entrust their wards and
money.

TYPES OF TESTS
Written Tests
Multiple Choice
Alternative Response
Matching type
Completion Type
Essay
Mathematical Questions
Oral Tests
Physical Fitness Tests
Performance Tests

WRITTEN TESTS
Written

testsare tests that are


administered on paper or on a
computer. A test taker who
takes a written test could
respond to specific items by
writing or typing within a given
space of the test or on a
separate form or document.

MULTIPLE CHOICE

In a test that has items formatted as multiple


choice questions, a candidate would be given
a number of set answers for each question,
and the candidate must choose which answer
or group of answers is correct. There are two
families of multiple choice questions. The
first family is known as the True/False
question and it requires a test taker to choose
all answers that are appropriate. The second
family is known as One-Best-Answer question
and it requires a test taker to answer only
one from a list of answers.

ALTERNATIVE RESPONSE

True/False questions present candidates


with a binary choice - a statement is
either true or false. This method
presents problems, as depending on the
number of questions, a significant
number of candidates could get 100% just
by guesswork, and should on average get
50%.

MATCHING TYPE
A

matching item is an item


that provides a defined term
and requires a test taker to
match identifying
characteristics to the correct
term.

COMPLETION TYPE
A

fill-in-the-blank item
provides a test taker with
identifying characteristics
and requires the test taker to
recall the correct term.

ESSAY
Items

such as short answer or


essay typically require a test
taker to write a response to
fulfill the requirements of the
item. In administrative terms,
essay items take less time to
construct.

MATHEMATICAL QUESTIONS

Mostmathematicsquestions, or calculation
questions from subjects such
aschemistry,physicsoreconomicsemploy a style
which does not fall into any of the above
categories, although some papers, notably
theMaths Challengepapers in theUnited
Kingdomemploy multiple choice. Instead, most
mathematics questions state amathematical
problem orexercisethat requires a student to
write a freehand response.

PHYSICAL FITNESS TESTS

Aphysical fitness testis a test designed


to measurephysical strength,agility,
andendurance. They are commonly
employed in educational institutions as
part of thephysical
educationcurriculum, in medicine as
part of diagnostic testing, and as
eligibility requirements in fields that
focus on physical ability such
asmilitaryorpolice.

PERFORMANCE TESTS

A performance test is an assessment


that requires an examinee to actually
perform a task or activity, rather than
simply answering questions referring
to specific parts. The purpose is to
ensure greaterfidelityto what is being
tested.

SHORT TEST
What type of test is designed to measure physical
Strength ? Physical Test
Is anassessmentintended to measure a testtaker'sknowledge,skill,aptitude, physical ftness, or
classifcation in many other topics.
- Test
Who uses results to determine the weaknesses and
strengths of the instructor ? Supervisor
A fll in the black item provides a test taker with
identifying characteristics and requires test taker to
recall the correct term. Completion type
Is an assessment that requires an examinee to
actually perform a task or activity. Performance
Tests

ANSWERS
Physical Tests
Tests
Supervisor
Completion type
Performance Tests

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ASSESSMENT OF
LEARNING IN
THE COGNITIVE
DOMAIN

Prepared y: Group II

BEHAVIORS ASSESSED IN THE


COGNITIVE DOMAIN
Cognitive

Domain
Domain of thought process
Deals with the recall or
recognition of knowledge
and the development of
intellectual abilities and
skills.

SIX HIERARCHICAL
LEVELS
BLOOMS TAXONOMY
COGNITIVE DOMAIN

KNOWLEDGE
- recall, remembering of prior
learned materials in terms of
facts, concepts, theories and
principles.
- It is the lowest level of
cognitive domain.

COMPREHENSION
Ability

to grasp the
meaning of material.
It indicates the lowest
form of understanding.

APPLICATION
- The ability to use
learned material in
new concrete
situation.

ANALYSIS
- Ability to break down
material into component
parts so that its
organizational structure may
be understood.

SYNTHESIS
- Ability to put parts
together to form a
new whole.

EVALUATION
- Ability to pass
judgment on
something based on
criteria.

PREPARING FOR
ASSESSMENT OF
COGNITIVE LEARNING
What

should be tested ?
How to gather information
about what to test ?
How long the test should
be ?
How best to prepare
students for testing ?

OBJECTIVE TESTS
are

assessment procedures
where the various test items can
be marked with total reliability
by anybody, including nonsubject-specialists, and in some
cases by computer.

TYPES OF OBJECTIVE TESTS


Multiple choice Items
True-false Items
Assertion/reason items
Matching items

MULTIPLE CHOICE ITEMS


These

are by far the most widely


used type, and typically take the
form of a short question or
implied question.

TRUE-FALSE ITEMS
This

is another extremely popular


type of objective item. It consists of a
statement which the testee has to
indicate to be 'true' or 'false'. Such
items are often presented in the form
of a series covering different aspects
of the same topic.

ASSERTION/REASON ITEMS

These are variations on the basic 'true/false'


item format. Each item consists of
anassertion(given on the left) linked to
areason(given on the right), the testee
having to decide whether the assertion and
the reason are individually correct or not,
and, if they are both correct, whether the
'reason' is a valid explanation of the
'assertion'.

MATCHING ITEMS
These

are variations on the basic


multiple-choice item format.
Each item consists of two lists of
statements, words, symbols or
numbers which have to be
matched one with another.

ESSAY TESTS

The essay test is probably the most popular of


teacher-made tests. In general, a classroom essay
test consists of a small number of questions to
which the student is expected to demonstrate in
his/her response his/her ability to (a) recall
factual, conceptual, or procedural knowledge, (b)
organize this knowledge, and (c) interpret the
information critically in a logical, integrated
answer to the question. An essay test item can be
classifed as either an extended-response or a
short-answer.

Essay test measure higher


level thinking such as:
Analysis
Synthesis
Evaluation
Creativity

FOUR TYPES OF ESSAY


Expository

Essay
Persuasive Essay
Analytical Essay
Argumentative Essay

EXPOSITORY ESSAY

This is a writers explanation of a short theme,


idea or issue.

PERSUASIVE ESSAY

This is the type of essay where you try to convince the


reader to adopt your position on an issue or point of view

ANALYTICAL ESSAY

In this type of essay you analyze, examine and interpret such


things as an event, book, poem, play or other work of art.

ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY

This is the type of essay where you prove that your opinion, theory
or hypothesis about an issue is correct or more truthful than those
of others.

ADVANTAGES & LIMITATIONS


Essay items have several advantages. They:
are

easier and less time consuming to construct than are most


other item types.
provide a means for testing student's ability to compose an answer
and present it in a logical manner.
can efficiently measure higher order cognitive objectives (e.g.,
analysis, synthesis, evaluation).

Essay items also have several limitations.


They:
cannot

measure a large amount of content or large number of


learning objectives.
generally provide low test reliability and low grader reliability.
require an extensive amount of instructor's time to read and grade.
generally do not provide an objective measure of student
achievement or ability (subject to bias on the part of the grader).

SHORT TESTS
The most widely used type, and typically
take the form of a short question or implied
question.
Are assessment procedures where the
various test items can be marked with total
reliability by anybody.
It is the lowest level of cognitive domain.
Ability to put parts together to form a new
whole.
a short piece of writing on a particular
subject.

ANSWERS
Multiple Choice Items
Objective Tests
Knowledge
Synthesis
Essay

D
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