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Manipal University Jaipur: Cryocar

This document summarizes a seminar presentation on CRYOCAR, a vehicle that uses liquid nitrogen as fuel. It discusses how liquid nitrogen propulsion works using a cryogenic heat engine and storage tank. The main advantages are its zero emissions and the abundant availability of nitrogen. Some challenges include safety issues with leaks and moisture obstructing the heat exchanger. While the technology has existed for over 10 years, it has not been commercialized due to unresolved safety concerns and lack of research funding. The conclusion is that more development is needed to optimize liquid nitrogen vehicles and evaluate their potential to reduce air pollution.

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Harshit Sharma
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142 views19 pages

Manipal University Jaipur: Cryocar

This document summarizes a seminar presentation on CRYOCAR, a vehicle that uses liquid nitrogen as fuel. It discusses how liquid nitrogen propulsion works using a cryogenic heat engine and storage tank. The main advantages are its zero emissions and the abundant availability of nitrogen. Some challenges include safety issues with leaks and moisture obstructing the heat exchanger. While the technology has existed for over 10 years, it has not been commercialized due to unresolved safety concerns and lack of research funding. The conclusion is that more development is needed to optimize liquid nitrogen vehicles and evaluate their potential to reduce air pollution.

Uploaded by

Harshit Sharma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MANIPAL UNIVERSITY JAIPUR

Department of mechanical engineering


Seminar on-

CRYOCAR

B
y
-

HAR
SHIT
SHA
RMA

Human
greed

Pollution

Use of
alternate
resource
s

CRYOCAR
use
s

Cryogenic
fuel
like

Liquid
Nitrogen

What is liquid nitrogen vehicle?


It is a vehicle which uses Cryogenic fluid(liquid
nitrogen) as a working fluid.
Propulsion system is a cryogenic heat engine in
which a cryogenic substance is used as a heat sink.

CRYOGENICS
Cryogenic can be defined as the branch of the physics
that deals with the study of the production of very
lowtemperature(below 150 C, 238 F or 123 K) and
the behavior of materials at those temperatures.

Why nitrogen as a vehicle fuel ?

High cost and limited availability of fossil fuels like petrol and
diesel.
Due to high level of pollution associated with the combustion of
fossil fuels the need of ZEV(Zero Emission Vehicle) has been
generated. (presently the battery powered electric vehicle is the
only commercially available ZEV but not successful due to high
initial cost, slow recharge and limited range).
And the most important is the huge availability of Nitrogen
gas(78% of air is nitrogen).

Note: According to Petroleum Conservation and Research


Association
petroleum production will be at its peak in 2012 and is likely
to
decrease after that.

Liquid nitrogen propulsion cycle

ST
U
HA
X
E

Cryogen
storage
vessel

Expander
Engine

Heat
Exchanger

Pump

Economizer

Parts of a LNPC
1)
Cryogen
storage
vessel

2)
Pump

A pressurized tank(24 gallon) to store liquid nitrogen.


Low boil-off rate , minimum size and mass and reasonable cost.

The pump is used to pump the liquid nitrogen into the


engine.
Operating pressure between 500-600psi

Parts of LNPC.
3)
Economizer

A preheater , called an economizer , uses left over heat


in the engines exhaust to preheat the liquid nitrogen
before it enters the heat exchanger.
Improves efficiency.

4)
Heat
exchanger

A primary heat exchanger that heats (using


atmospheric heat) LN2 to form N2 gas, then heats gas
under pressure to near atmospheric temperature

Parts of LNPC.........
5)
Expande
r

An Expander to provide work to the drive shaft of the


vehicle.

Principle of Operation

LN2 at 320oF (-196oC) is pressurized and then vaporized in a heat exchanger


by ambient temperature of the surrounding air.
This heat exchanger is like the radiator of a car but instead of using air to cool
water, it uses air to heat and boil liquid nitrogen.
Liquid N2 passing through the primary heat exchanger quickly reaches its
boiling point.
The N2 expands to a gas with a pressure of 150 KPa.
The pressurized N2 gas drives the motor.
The only exhaust is nitrogen, which is major constituent of our atmosphere.
Energy+N2(l)-->N2(g)
Hence, there is no pollution produced by running this car.

Advantages over electric cars


A liquid nitrogen car is much lighter and refilling its tank takes only about
10-15 minutes.
The exhaust produced by the car is environmental friendly.
A cryogenic car could have three times the range of an electric car of the
same weight and no battery disposal concerns

ZE
V

Efficiency The LN2 car can travel 79 miles(127.58 km) on a full 24 gallon(90
liter) tank of liquid nitrogen going 20 MPH.
Its maximum speed is over 35 MPH.

Drawbacks:
The N2 passing through the tubes of the heat exchanger is so cold
that the moisture in the surrounding air would condense on the
outside of the tubes, obstructing the air flow.
Then there's the safety issue. Should a nitrogen car be kept in a
poorly ventilated space and, if the Nitrogen leaks off, it could prove
fatal.

Why not commercialized?


Even though the technology is 10 to 12 years old, still it has not come to
the market for two reasons.
Safety issues have not been sorted out as yet.
Lack of funds for research.

Conclusion
In a real sense, the more such vehicles are used, the cleaner the air
will become
Time to recharge , infrastructure investment , and environmental
impact are among the issues to consider , in addition to range and
performance , when comparing the relative merits of different ZEV
technologies.
Extra research work is needed to utilize the most of the available
energy

Thank You

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