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Trigonometry Part 1

This document introduces trigonometry and how it can be used to find unknown sides and angles in a right triangle. It defines the three main trigonometric functions - sine, cosine, and tangent - and explains how to use them to relate the sides of a right triangle to an angle. Specifically, it shows that sine relates the opposite side to the hypotenuse, cosine relates the adjacent side to the hypotenuse, and tangent relates the opposite side to the adjacent side. Examples are provided for how to use a scientific calculator to determine trigonometric ratios, find angles given ratios, and find sides given angles or other sides using the appropriate trigonometric function.

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Annisa Istiqomah
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520 views

Trigonometry Part 1

This document introduces trigonometry and how it can be used to find unknown sides and angles in a right triangle. It defines the three main trigonometric functions - sine, cosine, and tangent - and explains how to use them to relate the sides of a right triangle to an angle. Specifically, it shows that sine relates the opposite side to the hypotenuse, cosine relates the adjacent side to the hypotenuse, and tangent relates the opposite side to the adjacent side. Examples are provided for how to use a scientific calculator to determine trigonometric ratios, find angles given ratios, and find sides given angles or other sides using the appropriate trigonometric function.

Uploaded by

Annisa Istiqomah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Trigonometry

Obj: I can to use trigonometry to find unknown


sides and unknown angles in a triangle.

Trigonometry is concerned with the


connection between the sides and
angles in any right angled triangle.

Angle

The sides of a right -angled triangle are


given special names:
The hypotenuse, the opposite and the
adjacent.
The hypotenuse is the longest side and is
always opposite the right angle.
The opposite and adjacent sides refer to
another angle, other than the 90o.

The Trigonometric
Functions we will be
looking at

SINE

COSINE
TANGENT

The Trigonometric
Functions

SINE
COSINE
TANGENT

SINE
Prounounced
sign

COSINE
Prounounced
co-sign

TANGENT
Prounounced
tan-gent

Greek Letter

Prounounced
theta

Represents an unknown
angle

Opp
Sin
Hyp
hypotenuse
hypotenuse

Adj
Cos
Hyp

Opp
Tan
Adj

adjacent

opposite
opposit

We need a
way to
remember all
of these
ratios

Old

Some
Old
Hippie
Came
A
Hoppin
Throug
O
h ur
Apartment

SOHCAHTOA

Old

Sin
Opp
Hyp
Cos
Adj
Hyp
Tan
Opp
Adj

Using trigonometry on the calculator

All individual angles have different sine, cosine


and tangent ratios (or decimal values).
Scientific calculators store information about
every angle.
We need to be able to access this
information in the correct manner.

Finding the ratios


The simplest form of question is finding the
decimal value of the ratio of a given angle.
Find:
sin 32

=
sin

32

0.5514

Using ratios to find angles


We have just found that a scientific
calculator holds the ratio information
for sine (sin), cosine (cos) and
tangent (tan) for all angles.
It can also be used in reverse, finding
an angle from a ratio.
To do this we use the sin-1, cos-1 and
tan-1 function keys.

Example:
1. sin x = 0.1115 find angle x.
sin-1

shift

0.1115

sin

x = sin-1 (0.1115)
x = 6.4o
2.

cos x = 0.8988 find angle x


cos-1

shift

0.8988

cos

x = cos-1 (0.8988)
x = 26o

Finding an angle from a triangle


To find a missing angle from a right-angled
triangle we need to know two of the sides of
the triangle.
We can then choose the appropriate ratio,
sin, cos or tan and use the calculator to
identify the angle from the decimal value of
the ratio.
1.

Find angle C
14 cm

6 cm

a) Identify/label the
names of the sides.
b) Choose the ratio that
contains BOTH of the
letters.

1.
H
14 cm

6 cm
A

We have been given


the adjacent and
hypotenuse so we use
COSINE:
Cos A =

adjacent
hypotenuse

Cos A = a

h
Cos C = 6
14
Cos C = 0.4286
C = cos-1 (0.4286)
C = 64.6o

2. Find angle x
3 cm
A

Given adj and opp


need to use tan:

opposite
Tan A = adjacent

8 cm
O
Tan A = o

Tan x = 8

Tan x = 2.6667
x = tan-1 (2.6667)
x = 69.4o

3.
10 cm

12 cm

Given opp and hyp


need to use sin:
opposite
Sin A = hypotenuse

o
h
sin x = 10
12
sin A =

sin x = 0.8333
x = sin-1 (0.8333)
x = 56.4o

Finding a side from a triangle


To find a missing side from a right-angled
triangle we need to know one angle and one
other side.
Note: If

Cos45 =

x
13

To leave x on its own we need to


move the 13.
It becomes a times when it moves.

Cos45 x 13 = x

4.
H
7 cm

k
A

30o

We have been given


the adj and hyp so we
use COSINE:
adjacent
Cos A = hypotenuse

Cos A = a

h
Cos 30 = k
7

Cos 30 x 7 = k
6.1 cm = k

5.

We have been given


the opp and adj so we
use TAN:

50o
4 cm
A

Tan A =
r
O
Tan A = o

a
r
Tan 50 =
4
Tan 50 x 4 = r
4.8 cm = r

6.
k
O

H
12 cm

We have been given


the opp and hyp so we
use SINE:
Sin A =

25o

o
h
sin 25 = k
12
sin A =

Sin 25

x 12 = k

5.1 cm = k

Finding a side from a triangle


There are occasions when the unknown
letter is on the bottom of the fraction after
substituting.

Cos45 = 13

Move the u term to the other side.


It becomes a times when it moves.

Cos45 x u = 13
To leave u on its own, move the cos 45
to other side, it becomes a divide.

u =

13
Cos 45

When the unknown letter is on the bottom


of the fraction we can simply swap it with
the trig (sin A, cos A, or tan A) value.

Cos45 = 13

u =

13
Cos 45

Cos A = a

7.
x

30
5 cm
A

5
x = cos 30
x = 5.8 cm

o
h
sin 25 = 8
m
8
m=
sin25
sin A =

8.
8 cm
O

h
Cos 30 = 5
x

H
m
25o

m = 18.9
cm

sin 30 = 0.5

sin 50 = 0.766

cos 30 = 0.866

cos 50 = 0.6428

tan 30 = 0.5774

tan 50 = 0.1.1917

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