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Unit 3 Economic Geography: WG.7a-b, 8, 9a-D

This document discusses key concepts in economic geography including natural, human, and capital resources; the three levels of economic activity; patterns of land use; factors that influence economic activity; comparative advantage; examples of countries' use of resources; and how economic interaction has changed over time. It also covers topics such as renewable and nonrenewable resources, developed and developing nations, indicators of economic development and standards of living, reasons for trade, examples of economic unions, and their advantages and disadvantages.

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Leoncio Lumaban
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161 views

Unit 3 Economic Geography: WG.7a-b, 8, 9a-D

This document discusses key concepts in economic geography including natural, human, and capital resources; the three levels of economic activity; patterns of land use; factors that influence economic activity; comparative advantage; examples of countries' use of resources; and how economic interaction has changed over time. It also covers topics such as renewable and nonrenewable resources, developed and developing nations, indicators of economic development and standards of living, reasons for trade, examples of economic unions, and their advantages and disadvantages.

Uploaded by

Leoncio Lumaban
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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UNIT 3

Economic Geography
WG.7a-b, 8, 9a-d

Natural Resources
Renewable

resources will
replace themselves over
time.
Examples would be soil,
water, and forests

Nonrenewable

resources
are resources that will not
replace themselves. Once
they are used, they are
gone.
Examples--fossil fuels (oil,
coal, natural gas), and
metals (gold, iron, copper,

Human Resources
Human

resources are man


and his mind
Human resources depend
on level of education,
whether it is skilled or
unskilled labor, and are
entrepreneurial or
managerial abilities

Capital Resources
Capital resources are resources
that can be used to make more,
like money or tools
key features of capital are the
availability of money for lending,
the level of infrastructure, the
availability and use of tools,
machines, and technologies

Three levels of economic


activity
Primary Activities--dealing
directly with natural resources
(ex.--fishing, farming, mining,
and forestry)
Secondary

Activities--are

manufacturing and processing of


natural resources (ex.--steel
mills, automobile assembly,
sawmills

Tertiary

Activities--are
service industries (ex.-transportation, retail trade,
informational technology
services)

Energy resources and


technology as it has changed
over time

Wood--deforestation
coal--pollution,

mining
problems, competition with
oil and gas
Petroleum--transportation,
environmental
considerations

Energy resources and


technology as it has changed
over time cont.

Nuclear--contamination,

waste
solar or wind--cost,
aesthetics

Patterns of land use


Most

economic activities
are relatively close to the
natural resources they use;
ex.-coal/steel, grain/cattle,
fishing/ocean, hydroelectric
power/aluminum smelting

Patterns of land use cont.


Not

all nations are close to


the resources they use:
ex.--Japan has limited
natural resources, but they
are a major industrial
power and the United Arab
Emirates (UAE) have lots of
oil, but no major industries

Examples of technology
creating demand
Some

new technologies
have created a demand for
a particular natural
resource--steam engine and
coal, internal combustion
engine and gas, computer
chips and skilled labor

Costs and benefits from using


natural resources
Costs
1.

Resource depletion.
2. Environmental
destruction
3. Health problems

Costs and benefits from


using natural resources
Benefits
1.

Helps us produce goods


and services.
2. It creates employment
opportunities
3. It helps develop new
technologies

The effects of unequal


distribution of resources
Because

resources are
distributed unequally around the
world, it causes several things to
happen
1. Interdependence of nations -they must trade with each other
to acquire the goods they do not
possess

The effects of unequal


distribution of resources cont.
2.

Uneven economic
development (rich and poor
countries)
3. Energy producers and
consumers
4. Imperialism (one country
dominating another)
5. conflicts over control of

Differences between
developing and developed
nations

Developed

nations have
better access to natural
and capital resources
Developed nations have
more investment in
technology and have
created a better

Differences between
developing and developed
nations cont.

Developed

nations have more


skilled labor
Developed nations have a higher
level of economic development
Developed nations have a higher
standard of living and a higher
quality of life

What are the indicators of


economic development
Is

the country more urban


or more rural? Developed
nations are generally
urban.
At what labor level do most
people work? Most people
in developed nations work

What are the indicators of


economic development cont.
Is

the Gross Domestic Product


for the nation high or low?
Most developed nations have a
high GDP.
What is the level of the
educational achievement? Most
developed nations have a highly
educated population

Indicators of standard of living


and quality of life
A

nation has a high standard of


living and a high quality of life
if
the population growth rate is
low
the population age distribution
is even

The literacy rate, life


expectancy rate and
percentage of urban people
is high
the infant mortality is low

Why do countries trade?


To

import goods and


services they need
to export goods and
services they can sell for
profit

What influences economic


activity?

countrys access to human,


natural and capital resources.
Do they have a skilled
workforce? Do they have
natural resources? Are their
transportation and
communication networks
modern, outdated or
nonexistent? Do they have

What influences economic


activity? cont.
A

countrys location and


ability to exchange goods.
Are they landlocked? Are
they an island or coastal
nation? How close are they
to shipping lanes? What is
their access to
communications

What influences economic


activity? cont.
They

are members of a
political or economic
alliance that provides
access to markets.
Examples would be, the
European Union (EU), North
American Free Trade
Agreement(NAFTA)

What is comparative
advantage?

Comparative

advantage
means a country will export
goods and services that
they can produce at lower
relative costs than other
countries.

What are the effects of


comparative advantage?
Enables

nations to produce
goods and services they can sell
for profit
influences the development of
industries (ex. steel, aircraft,
automobile, clothing)
supports specialization and
efficient use of human resources

Examples of countries and their


use of resources
Japan--highly

industrialized
despite limited natural
resources
Russia--has numerous
resources but many are not
economically profitable to
actually develop

Examples of countries and their


use of resources cont.
United

States--diversified
economy , specialized
industry, abundant
resources
Cote dIvorie--limited
natural resources, but they
use cash crops to buy

Examples of countries and their


use of resources cont.
Switzerland--has

limited
natural resources, but
produces goods on a global
scale

What are the effects of unequal


distribution of resources?
Unequal

distribution of resources
causes countries to specialize in
the goods and services they
produce. It also encourages
countries to trade with one
another for the goods they can
not produce themselves. It
allows some to make a profit

How has economic interaction


changed over time?
Labor

has moved from


individual homes (cottage
industry) to factories to
offices to
telecommunications
there has been a large
migration from rural to

How has economic interaction


changed over time? cont.
Industrialized

countries
now export labor intensive
work to developing nations
trade alliances have grown
in number
service industries (tertiary)
have grown in number

How has economic interaction


changed over time? cont.
Financial

service networks and


international banks have
increased
products have become
internationally assembled instead
of everything being made in one
location. (ex. Vehicles,
electronics)

How has economic interaction


changed over time? cont.
Modern

transportation networks
that allow for rapid and efficient
exchange of goods and services
(ex. Federal Express, UPS, US
Postal Service) have grown
Widespread marketing of
products has increased (ex. Fuji,
Nike, etc)

Examples of Economic Unions


EU--European

Union
NAFTA--North American
Free Trade Agreement
OPEC--Organization of
Petroleum Exporting
Countries
ASEAN--Association of

Advantages of Economic
Unions

They

allow for more efficient


industries
They have access to larger
markets
They have access to more
human, natural, and capital
resources without restrictions
They have a greater influence on
world markets

Disadvantages to economic
unions

They

cause some industries to

close
Certain industries become
concentrated in particular
countries while forgetting the
smaller ones.
Agribusiness is replacing the
family farm.
There is often difficulty in

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