Introduction To Automobile: The Layout
Introduction To Automobile: The Layout
The Layout
Components of an
Automobile
Frame
The Suspension system
Axles
Wheels
Tyres
1. Frame
There consists of two distinct forms
construction in common use:
1. The conventional pressed steel frame to
which all units are mounted
2. The integral or frameless construction, in
which the body structure is so designed so
as to combine the functions of body and
frame.
Frameless - Advantages
Reduced weight and consequent saving
in fuel consumption
Lower manufacturing costs
Safety to passengers
Increased stability of the automobile
Disadvantages
Reduction in strength and durability
Economical only if it is adopted in
mass production
Increased cost or repairs
Convertible cars are difficult to
design in frameless construction
2. Suspension System
The objects of the suspension are:
To prevent the road shocks from being
transmitted to the vehicle components
To safeguard
shocks
the
occupants
from
road
Suspension system
Leaf Springs
Suspension system
There are two distinct
suspension systems:
types
of
Suspension system
3. Axles
It is the wait carrying members, may be on the
rear or front, are beams supported at ends.
Axles are subjects to different kin of loads:
Axles
There are three different types live rear
axles
a) Fully floating type
b) Three quarter floating type
c) Semi-floating type
4. Wheels
Different types of wheels have been
used in automobiles over generations
according to the requirement
Wire-spoked wheels
Pressed steel wheels
Light alloy wheels
batteries
for
propelling
the
speed
Different types of
arrangements
The different types of the arrangement
of transmission could be
Front engine and front wheel drive
Rear engine and rear wheel drive
Front engine and four wheel drive
FWD
Layout of FWD
FWD
A few disadvantages are:
i.
RWD
The disadvantages are:
i.
4WD
4WD
4WD
The main advantage of the 4WD is that
when any wheels fall into a ditch or a
hole, they can be driven out with the help
of other wheels or power being delivered
to the same wheel
But this advantage can only at the cost of
extra fuel consumption.
Classification
Automobiles can be classified in
different in ways according to:1.Use
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
Mopeds
Motor cycles, scooters
Cars, jeeps
Buses and trucks
Classifications
2. Capacity
i. Heavy transport
ii. Light weight transport
Classifications
4. Fuel Used
i. Petrol vehicles
ii. Diesel vehicles
5. Body style
i. Closed cars e.g., sedan, coupe etc.
ii. Open cars e.g., convertible
iii. Special styles e.g., estate cars, station wagons
etc.
Classifications
6. Transmission
i.
Manual
ii.
Semi-automatic
iii. Fully-automatic
iv. Continuously variable transmission
v.
Automated manual
Honda
Sedan
Suzuk
i SX4
Honda
Civic
Hatchba
ck
BMW X
Coupe
Dodge
Viper
Sports
Car
Audi
Sports
Car
Ford
Mustang
Convertibl
e
BMW M3
Convertibl
e
BMW M6
Convertibl
e
Chevrolet
Camaro
Convertible
Mercedes
AMG
Estate
Audi RS 6
Estate
Car
Renault Clio
Estate
Ford
Mustang
Station
Wagon
Station Wagon
Station Wagon
Thank You