Chapter 1
The Role of Financial
Management
1-1
After studying Chapter 1,
you should be able to:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
1-2
Explain why the role of the financial manager today is so
important.
Describe "financial management" in terms of the three major
decision areas that confront the financial manager.
Identify the goal of the firm and understand why
shareholders' wealth maximization is preferred over other
goals.
Understand the potential problems arising when
management of the corporation and ownership are
separated (i.e., agency problems).
Understand the basic responsibilities of financial managers
and the differences between a "treasurer" and a "controller."
Historical Perspective
1-3
In early 1900, financial managers had the
responsibility to raise funds and manage
cash position of the firm
In 1950s, they were also involved in capital
budgeting techniques
Now, they are more dynamic in responding
to changing economic conditions,
managing volatilities, and other challenges.
What is Financial
Management?
Concerns the acquisition,
financing, and
management of assets
with some overall goal in
mind.
1-4
Investment Decisions
Most important of the three
decisions.
1-5
What is the optimal firm size?
What specific assets should be
acquired?
What assets (if any) should be
reduced or eliminated?
Financing Decisions
Determine how the assets (LHS of
balance sheet) will be financed (RHS
of balance sheet).
What is the best type of financing?
1-6
What is the best financing mix?
What is the best dividend policy?
How will the funds be physically
acquired?
Asset Management
Decisions
How do we manage existing assets
efficiently?
Financial Manager has varying degrees
of operating responsibility over assets.
Greater emphasis on current asset
management than fixed asset
management.
1-7
What is the Goal
of the Firm?
Maximization of
Shareholder Wealth!
Value creation occurs when
we maximize the share price
for current shareholders.
1-8
Shortcomings of
Alternative Perspectives
Profit Maximization
Maximizing
a firms earnings after taxes.
Problems
1-9
Could increase current profits while
harming firm (e.g., defer maintenance,
issue common stock to buy T-bills, etc.).
Ignores changes in the risk level of the
firm.
Shortcomings of
Alternative Perspectives
Earnings per Share Maximization
Maximizing
earnings after taxes divided
by shares outstanding.
Problems
1-10
Does not specify timing or duration of
expected returns.
Ignores changes in the risk level of the firm.
Calls for a zero payout dividend policy.
Strengths of Shareholder
Wealth Maximization
Takes
account of: current and future
profits and EPS;
EPS the timing,
duration, and risk of profits and EPS;
EPS
dividend policy;
policy and all other
relevant factors.
Thus,
share price serves as a
barometer for business performance.
1-11
The Modern Corporation
Modern Corporation
Shareholders
Management
There exists a SEPARATION
between owners and managers.
1-12
Role of Management
Management acts as an agent
for the owners (shareholders)
of the firm.
1-13
An agent is an individual
authorized by another person,
called the principal, to act in the
latters behalf.
Agency Theory
Jensen
and Meckling developed
a theory of the firm based on
agency theory.
theory
Agency
Theory is a branch of
economics relating to the
behavior of principals and their
agents.
1-14
Agency Theory
Principals
must provide incentives
so that management acts in the
principals best interests and then
monitor results.
Incentives
include stock options,
perquisites, and bonuses.
bonuses
1-15
Social Responsibility
Wealth maximization does not
preclude the firm from being socially
responsible.
responsible
Assume we view the firm as producing
both private and social goods.
Then shareholder wealth maximization
remains the appropriate goal in
governing the firm.
1-16
Organization of the Financial
Management Function
Board of Directors
President
(Chief Executive Officer)
Vice President
Operations
1-17
VP of
Finance
Vice President
Marketing
Organization of the Financial
Management Function
VP of Finance
1-18
Treasurer
Controller
Capital Budgeting
Cash Management
Credit Management
Dividend Disbursement
Fin Analysis/Planning
Pension Management
Insurance/Risk Mngmt
Tax Analysis/Planning
Cost Accounting
Cost Management
Data Processing
General Ledger
Government Reporting
Internal Control
Preparing Fin Stmts
Preparing Budgets
Preparing Forecasts
