Signs and Symptoms of
Respiratory Dis
Omer Alamoudi, Professor,
consultant Pulmonologist
MD, FRCP, FACP, FCCP
Signs and Symptoms of
Respiratory Diseases
Cardinal Symptoms
Cough
Sputum
Hemoptysis
Dyspnea
Wheezes
Chest pain
Signs and Symptoms of
Respiratory Diseases
Other presenting symptoms
Apnea
Hoarseness
Stridor
Snoring
Fever
Night sweating
Weight loss
Signs and Symptoms of
Respiratory Diseases
Acute cough
Acute bronchitis
Pneumonia
Pulmonary
Embolism
Left ventricular
failure
Signs and Symptoms of
Respiratory Diseases
Chronic cough (>2 weeks)
Bronchial asthma
Chronic bronchitis
Pulmonary fibrosis
Lung cancer
Drugs ( ACE inhibitors)
Bronchiectasis
Signs and Symptoms of
Respiratory Diseases
Sputum
Bronchiectasis (yellow, green,
large amount, more in the
morning)
Lung abscess ( Foul smelling,
more on lying on
the
other side of lesion)
Pneumonia
( yellowish,
streaks of blood)
Pulmonary edema ( Pink
frothy)
Signs and Symptoms of
Respiratory Diseases
Hemoptysis
Massive >200 ml/episode
Frank (fresh, bright red,
no sputum)
Causes
Lung cancer ( clots)
Tuberculosis,
Bronchiectasis ( brisk &
brief)
Pulmonary infarction
Pneumonia
A/V malformation
Signs and Symptoms of
Respiratory Diseases
Dyspnea
Sudden ( seconds)
Pneumothorax
( Male, COPD, or
Tall, thin)
Pulmonary
embolism ( Female,
Pills)
Signs and Symptoms of
Respiratory Diseases
Dyspnea
Acute dyspnea
(hours to days)
Bronchial
asthma
Pneumonia
Massive pleural
effusion
Pulmonary
edema (LVF, MS)
Signs and Symptoms of
Respiratory Diseases
Chronic dyspnea
(months to Years)
Chronic bronchitis
Emphysema
Pulmonary
fibrosis
Chronic
thromboembolis
m
Signs and Symptoms of
Respiratory Diseases
Types of dyspnea
Paroxysmal dyspnea
Bronchial asthma
(wheezes, no crackles)
Left ventricular failure (crackles,
cardiomegaly)
Nocturnal dyspnea
Bronchial asthma
GERD
LVF
Signs and Symptoms of
Respiratory Diseases
Wheezes (Rhonchi)
Bronchial asthma
COPD
Pulmonary embolism
Lung cancer
Bronchiectasis
LVF
Signs and Symptoms of
Respiratory Diseases
Chest pain
Pulmonary infarction
Pneumonia
Acute pleurisy
Tietz syndrome
Angina pectoris
Signs and Symptoms of
Respiratory Diseases
General examination
Sputum
White mucoid Chronic bronchitis
Purulent, yellow, green
Suppurative
lung
syndrome
Red TB, Ca lung, PE
Frothy pink
Pulmonary edema
Signs and Symptoms of
Respiratory Diseases
General examination
Sputum
White mucoid
Chronic bronchitis
Purulent, yellow, green
Suppurative lung
syndrome
Red
TB, Ca lung, PE
Frothy pink
Pulmonary edema
Signs and Symptoms of
Respiratory Diseases
General examination
Respiratory rate (n=142)
Cyanosis (>5gm% of Hb
deoxygenated)
Central (blue hands & tongue)
Peripheral (blue hands & red tongue)
Signs and Symptoms of
Respiratory Diseases
Hands examination
Central Cyanosis
COPD, Asthma
Pulmonary fibrosis
Pneumonia, PE
A/V malformation
Cardiac Rt to Lt
shunts
Peripheral cyanosis
Cold weather
Low COP
Signs and Symptoms of
Respiratory Diseases
Clubbing of the
fingers and toes
Bronchiectasis
Ca lung
Lung abscess
Pulmonary fibrosis
Asbestosis
Cystic fibrosis
Signs and Symptoms of
Respiratory Diseases
Hands
examination
Hypertrophic
pulmonary
osteoarthropathy
Ca lung
Signs and Symptoms of
Respiratory Diseases
Hands examination
Tremors
Fine
Flapping
B2 agonist
CO2 retention
Signs and Symptoms of
Respiratory Diseases
Head & neck
Horner's
syndrome
Ptosis
Enophthalmos
Miosis
Anhydrousis
Signs and Symptoms of
Respiratory Diseases
Head and neck
Face
SLE
(Butterfly
rash)
Sarcoidosis
(Lupus
pernio)
Signs and Symptoms of
Respiratory Diseases
Head and Neck
JVP
CHF
(Pulsatile)
SVO (Non
pulsatile)
Signs and Symptoms of
Respiratory Diseases
Chest
examination
Skin (scar)
Thoracotomy
Signs and Symptoms of
Respiratory Diseases
Chest
examination
Shape
Barrel shape
(COPD)
Signs and Symptoms of
Respiratory Diseases
Chest
examination
Shape
Kyphoscoliosis
Signs and Symptoms of
Respiratory Diseases
Chest
examination
Shape
Pectus
excavatum
Signs and Symptoms of
Respiratory Diseases
Head and Neck
Fundi
Papilledema
Signs and Symptoms of
Respiratory Diseases
Lymph nodes
Signs and Symptoms of
Respiratory Diseases
Chest examination
Position of the
trachea
Shifted to the side
of the lesion
Fibrosis
Collapse
Shifted away
Pleural effusion
Tension
Pneumothorax
Signs and Symptoms of
Respiratory Diseases
Chest examination
Cardiac apex
(dextrocardia)
Chest expansion
(n=3-5cm)
Tactile Vocal fremitus
Increased
Consolidation
Decreased
Pleural effusion
Collapse
Signs and Symptoms of
Respiratory Diseases
Chest examination
Percussion
Decreased
Pleural effusion
(stony dull)
Consolidation
(dull)
Collapse
Fibrosis
Increased
Pneumothorax
& emphysema
Signs and Symptoms of
Respiratory Diseases
Auscultation
Breathing sounds
Vesicular
Bronchial
Aegophony
Whispering pectrology
Signs and Symptoms of
Respiratory Diseases
Auscultation
Decreased breath sound
Pleural effusion
Collapse/Atelectasis
Pneumothorax & Obesity
Increased breath sound
Consolidation
Cavity
Top of pleural effusion
Signs and Symptoms of
Respiratory Diseases
Auscultation
Wheeze (Rhonchi)
Bilateral
Asthma, COPD, LVF
Unilateral
FB
Lung cancer
Mucous plug
Signs and Symptoms of
Respiratory Diseases
Auscultation
Crackles
(crepitations)
Fine
Pulmonary fibrosis
Coarse
Bronchiectasis
Pneumonia
Pulmonary edema
Friction rub
Infection,
Infarction, tumor
Signs and Symptoms of
Respiratory Diseases
Examination of
systems related to
respiratory disease
CVS
P2, Corpulmonale,
CHF
Abdomen
Hepatosplenomegal
y
Renal
Goodpastures
syndrome
Signs and Symptoms of
Respiratory Diseases
Examination of
systems related to
respiratory
disease
Locomotor
Rheumatoid
arthritis, SLE, PAN,
Bone pain
CNS
CO2 retention
Epilepsy
Cranial nerve palsy
Signs and Symptoms of
Respiratory Diseases
Examination of
systems related
to respiratory
disease
Skin
erythema nodosum,
vasuclitis
heliotropic
rash
Signs and Symptoms of
Respiratory Diseases
Quizzes
1
2
3
4
5
Signs and Symptoms
of Respiratory
Diseases
Thank you
Signs and Symptoms
of Respiratory
Diseases
Suggested Text book to read
McLeod's sing and symptoms
